滑坡演化各阶段建筑物易损性的动态响应研究

There are a large amount of residential houses built on landslide in China. These houses has been affected by landslide for a long time and has serious security risks. So far, studies on the vulnerability of buildings behind landslide deformation process have been seldom carried out. Therefore, it is urgent to study on building vulnerability considering landslide deformation mechanism and evolution process. Based on field survey on the typical landslide in Wanzhou District, indoor physical model experiment and numerical simulation, this project can be carried out. Starting from the interaction mechanism study of landslide and buildings, creep landslide deformation characteristics behind evolution stages can be summarized, and landslide intensity can be determined quantitatively. The response law of the deformation of building foundation and upper structure in landslide evolution process would be analyzed. Then the method for calculating the bearable ultimate load on building foundation would be discussed. Thereafter, the relationship between landslide intensity and the damage of buildings will be found out and quantified. The quantitative standard of building vulnerability can be put forward according to the comprehensive criterion of multi-factor index, and the dynamic response of the quantitative vulnerability of buildings in different evolution stage of creep landslide would be proposed and the result can be applied in landslide risk control. The achievements from this project have important theoretical and practical significance. They will not only help to understand the action mechanism between landslide and buildings, supplement landslide risk analysis theory, but also make sense in designing buildings for landslide disaster prevention and control and landslide risk reduction.

我国大量地区以滑坡作为居民建筑用地，因长期受到滑坡变形影响，存在严重安全隐患。目前，针对滑坡变形演化过程的建筑物易损性定量研究还鲜有展开。因此，亟需将滑坡变形机理和过程考虑到建筑物易损性的研究当中。本项目以万州区典型滑坡野外地质调查为基础，以室内物理模型实验和数值模拟为手段，从滑坡与建筑物的作用机理出发，研究具有蠕变特点滑坡其演化各阶段的变形特征，确定滑坡作用强度的量化表达方式，分析建筑物基础及上部结构在滑坡演化过程中的变形响应规律，求解滑坡上建筑物基础可承受极限荷载，建立滑坡作用强度与建筑物破坏程度之间的定量关系，提出多因素指标综合判据的建筑物易损性量化标准，获得适用于具有蠕变特点滑坡其演化各阶段的建筑物易损性动态响应模型，实现成果在滑坡灾害风险控制方面的应用。成果将对认识滑坡与建筑物作用机理、补充滑坡灾害风险分析理论、指导滑坡灾区建筑物风险防控设计、降低滑坡灾害风险方面具有重要的理论和现实意义。

我国大量地区受土地资源条件及社会经济政策等多方面因素限制，只能以滑坡作为居民建筑用地。然而，随着全球气候变化和人类工程活动加剧，因滑坡变形而导致的建筑物变形破坏问题日益突出，滑坡上居民房屋因长期受到滑坡变形影响，存在严重安全隐患。目前，关注滑坡变形演化过程的建筑物易损性定量研究才刚刚起步，亟需将滑坡变形机理和过程考虑到建筑物易损性的研究中，以解决滑坡上建筑物易损性分析依据不足、不确定性大和量化困难的问题。本项目从滑坡对建筑物的作用机理出发，以典型滑坡野外地质调查为基础，以室内物理模型实验为主要手段，总结了具有蠕变特点的滑坡其演化各阶段的变形特征，研究了滑坡变形演化关键阶段的变形速率和持续时长的特征和规律；分析了滑坡对其上建筑物的主要作用模式，构建了滑坡作用强度量化表达方式，研究了不同滑坡作用模式和强度下滑坡上建筑物的变形响应特征与破坏模式，并依托物理模型实验提出了不同滑坡作用模式条件下，建筑物基础和墙体应变与滑坡速度（压力）的响应方程；从滑坡作用强度、建筑物属性两方面系统性采用敏感性指标量化因子的方法系统性分析了滑坡上建筑物脆弱性的敏感因素，并结合滑坡演化的不同变形阶段和建筑物变形破坏状态分阶段、分指标确定了适用于具有蠕变特点的滑坡各演化阶段的建筑物易损性定量分析模型，开展了典型滑坡上建筑物易损性的实例分析；针对滑坡上建筑物易损性的敏感因素和滑坡对建筑物的作用机理，提出了滑坡上建筑物的风险控制建议。项目成果将对认识滑坡与建筑物作用机理、完善和补充滑坡上建筑物风险分析方法具有重要的理论意义，对指导滑坡灾害风险管理与控制工作、合理开展滑坡区建筑用地规划和建筑风险防控设计，降低滑坡灾害风险，保障居民生命财产安全，促进人与环境和谐发展具有重要的启发和实践意义。