硫化物矿山土壤中微生物多样性及其成矿作用的环境修复意义

The project will be based on the typical soil heavy metal pollution of Nanjing Qixia mountain sulfide mining area as the research object, analyzing all kinds of metal elements in the soil, the content and mode of occurrence. We will use PCR-DGGE and BIOLOG analysis techniques to study the variation of the community structure and function of microbial response to heavy metal stress. we want to understand the correlation between heavy metal pollution and microbial diversity, to reveal the stress response mechanism of the microbial diversity of environment variables. And take advantage of the the typical mineralization strains isolated from mine soil environment to carry out the simulation study of microorganisms - heavy metals (such as Pb, Zn) mineralization.By using resolution receiving plasma mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and other state-of-the-art instruments and equipment to explore the effects of different environmental factors on microbial growth, metabolism and its role in the formation of minerals, microbial cell internal and external morphology, structure, the relationship between group of minerals and mineral and microbial tissue interface, process and influencing factors of effect microbial and biological macromolecules under mineral nucleation, growth and change, to distinguish between the mineral formation mechanism and typomorphic characteristics induced biological control and biological, from which reveals the microorganisms in the heavy metal role in the mineralization process, to provide a new theoretical basis for the formation of microbial remediation of heavy metal contaminated mineral environment.

本项目将以南京栖霞山硫化物矿区典型重金属污染土壤为研究对象，分析土壤中金属元素的种类、含量和赋存状态，采用PCR-DGGE 以及BIOLOG联合分析技术，开展微生物群落结构和功能变化对重金属胁迫的响应的研究，认识重金属污染与微生物多样性之间的相关性，揭示微生物多样性对环境变量的胁迫响应机制。并利用从矿山土壤环境中分离得到的典型矿化菌株开展微生物-重金属（如Pb、Zn）的矿化模拟研究。采用高分辨接收等离子质谱、扫描电镜等多种先进的仪器和设备，探讨不同环境因素对微生物生长、代谢及其形成矿物作用的影响，确定在微生物细胞内部和外部形成矿物的形态、结构、组分以及矿物与微生物组织界面关系，探讨微生物和生物大分子作用下矿物成核、生长和变化的过程和影响因素，区分生物控制和生物诱导形成矿物的机制和标型特征，从中揭示微生物在重金属矿化过程中的作用，为微生物形成矿物修复重金属污染环境提供新的理论依据。

金属硫化物矿山开发造成的重金属污染是国际性环境问题。本项目研究了以硫化物矿集区典型重金属污染土壤为研究对象，选择代表性矿山（南京栖霞山），通过系统取样和测试，分析土壤中金属元素的种类、含量和赋存状态，采用分子生物联合分析技术，开展微生物群落结构和功能变化对重金属胁迫的响应的研究，认识重金属污染与微生物多样性之间的相关性，揭示微生物多样性对环境变量的胁迫响应机制。并利用从矿山土壤环境中分离得到的典型矿化菌株开展微生物-硫化物（如黄铜矿、毒砂分解模拟）、微生物-重金属（如Pb、Cu的矿化模拟）的实验模拟研究。采用XRD、扫描电镜等多种先进的仪器和设备，探讨微生物与矿物的相互作用及分解机制，确定影响微生物分解矿物的关键因素；了解不同环境因素对微生物生长、代谢及其形成矿物作用的影响，确定微生物形成矿物的形态、结构、组分以及矿物与微生物组织界面关系，探讨微生物作用下矿物生长和变化的过程和影响因素，了解生物诱导形成矿物的机制，从中揭示微生物分解矿物过程中重金属释放机制及微生物在重金属矿化过程中的作用，为微生物诱导形成矿物修复重金属污染环境提供新的理论依据。