染料敏化太阳能电池用锑基硫属化物的制备、结构调控及电催化性能研究

The design and synthesis of highly efficient and low cost electrocatalytic materials is of great significance to promote the practicality of dye-sensitized solar cells. Concerning the insufficient exposed surface active sites of antimony chalcogenide Sb2X3 (X=S, Se), this project intends to tune the morphologies of Sb2X3 via hydrothermal, precursor solution pyrolysis and atmospheric thermal evaporation methods, so as to expose more active facets to tune its electrocatalytic performance. Then, novel carbon materials (conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes and graphene) will be introduced as support to construct carbon-Sb2X3 composite. The excellent charge transport property of carbon support is expected to facilitate charge transport and transfer during electrocatalytic reaction and improve reaction rate. In this project, the influence of synthesis method and conditions on the morphology of Sb2X3 will be investigated, to obtain Sb2X3 electrocatalysts with specific size, shape and more active facets. And, by investigating the catalytic process at Sb2X3/electrolyte interface, the correlation mechanism between Sb2X3 morphology tuning and electrocatalytic performance, as well as the synergistic mechanism of carbon support and Sb2X3 in catalytic reaction will be revealed. The investigations of this project are expected to provide significant references and give experimental foundations in designing highly efficient and low cost electrocatalytic materials for solar cell, water electrolysis and fuel cell applications.

高性能、低成本电催化材料的研发对于促进染料敏化太阳能电池的实用化具有重要意义。针对锑基硫属化物Sb2X3（X=S, Se）表面暴露活性位点不足的问题，本项目拟采用水热、前驱体溶液热分解、常压热蒸发等方法调控Sb2X3的形貌，使其暴露较高活性晶面调控电催化反应性能。在此基础上，引入新型碳载体（导电炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯）构造碳复合Sb2X3，利用碳载体优异的电荷传输性能加速电催化反应中电子的传递和转移，提高催化反应速率。研究制备方法、条件对Sb2X3形貌的影响，获得具有特定尺寸、形状和较高活性晶面的Sb2X3催化材料；研究Sb2X3电极/电解质界面催化过程，阐明Sb2X3的形貌调控与电催化性能的关联机制和碳载体与Sb2X3的协同催化机制。项目的实施将为太阳能电池、电解水和燃料电池领域高效、低成本电催化材料的设计研发提供重要参考和奠定实验基础。

高性能、低成本电催化材料的研发对于促进新一代能源转换装置的实用化具有重要意义。本项目围绕锑基硫属化物，通过改进制备工艺、构筑复合结构和三元材料，对其电催化性能进行了一系列调控。该项目首先以碳纳米颗粒薄膜（CNP）为载体，利用气相工艺，原位构筑了复合结构Sb2S3@CNP和Sb2S3@CNP。借助CNP优异的导电性和孔道结构，实现了对Sb2S3和Sb2Se3负载量、尺寸、界面电荷转移行为的调控，获得了高效的电催化性能。项目还深入研究了溶液热解制备工艺，借助材料结构表征、霍尔效应测试和电催化性能测试，获得了工艺参数对材料物相、结晶度、形貌、导电性和电催化性能的影响。通过进一步降低制备温度，以及构筑复合结构，获得了超高电催化性能，为材料的实际应用奠定了研究基础。此外，项目首次探索了通过构筑三元硫化物NiSbS和 Ni3Bi2S2改善锑、铋基硫化物的本征电催化性能，借助溶液热解工艺，获得了性能优异、稳定、重复性好的电催化材料，有望应用于新一代能源转换装置。