仿生合成孔结构梯度分布无机膜的研究

This project aims at studying the biomimetic synthesis of hierarchical texture inorganic membranes and the corresponding controlling mechanism. (1) The influenced factors were investigated for the biomimetic synthesis of silica at the air/water interface. The free-standing silica, with a specific surface area of 313.5 m2 g-1 and a hierachical pore size distribution between 1.9 and 25 nm, was successfully obtained under acute acidic conditions at the air/water interface. (2) Statistic thermodynamic models were established for describing the self-assembling of both ionic surfactants and ionic-nonionic mixing surfactants. These models can be used to predicted the critical micelle concentration, aggregate number and size distribution of the micelle in the self-assembling process of the surfactants, which is fundamental to the template-orientated synthesis of the inorganic membrane. (3) Orientated by the template, mesoporous silica and titanate membranes were synthesized under the environmental-benign weak acidic conditions. The surfactant templates were used to adjust the pore size distribution of the as-synthesized membranes, which had a specific surface area within the range of 197- 1200 m2 g-1. Combining the template-orientation technique, asymmetric separation membranes were manufactured with a favorable separation performance in contrast to those membranes produced by the traditional Sol_Gel method. Our achievements not only have potential applications in preparation of inorganic membrane, but also promote the researches of functional gradient materials.

以有机大分子自组装体为模板，调控前驱体水解缩聚制备孔结构高度均一的多孔无机膜。进而以附着于多孔无机膜基体上经驯化的菌丝体为模板，研究并优化孔尺寸与结构呈现梯度分布的多级孔结构无机膜材的制备过程。本研究不仅为新型高效分离膜的制备开拓新途径，而且能够丰富仿生合成的理论基础，对仿生合成技术的发展起到重要和理论指导意义。