遥感技术测量长江水灾对血吸虫病传播影响的研究

In the last century, there were many flooding disasters along the Yangzhi River, particularly in 1954 and 1998. Human activities were significantly related to the generation of floodings. Because of continues over exploration of tributary rivers, marshlands and lakes and reclaiming farms from marshlands, the capacity of the Yangzhi River to adjust its water level has dramatically decreased. After the flooding disaster in 1998, the Chinese government has announced series of policies to solve the flooding problem of the Yangzhi River.The area along the middle and down stream of the Yangzhi River is the main epidemic area of schistosomiasis in China. According to the Ministry of Health, the chronic patients of schistosomiasis in the five provinces of this area is 577,077 by the year of 2000, accounting for 86% of the total of the nation. There were 664 reported acute cases, accounting for 91% of the total. The size of snail-infested areas is more than 3 billion m2, 95% of the total of the nation. Main study: Techniques of Remote sensor (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) has be used to analyze the landscape and annual changes of ecologic environment around the river. Combined with the botanical investigation and surveillance of the epidemic of schistosomiasis in the field site, we have predicted the epidemic of schistosomiasis in this area. In the mean time, by comparing the distribution of snails and schistosomiasis infections of human subjects and domestic stocks between artificially flooded and non-flooded or before- and after-, we will demonstrate the association between ecologic environment and the epidemic of schistosomiasis. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the function of spatial analysis of GIS, we have predicted the impact of adjusting water levels of the flooded areas, the distribution of snails and the epidemic of schistosomiasis. .Scientific implications: By using the technique of remote sensor (RS) and collecting geographic information, we have determined how the ecology and environment would change after the construction and operation of the flooding areas along the river.Schistosomiasis-related geographic information system and ecology and environment related geographic information system in the area of the middle and down stream areas of the Yangzhi River has being set up..Methods for detecting snail infested foci using remote sensor. Applying the technique of remote sensor into the classification of snail related plants and soils as well as measurement of the altitude and flooding period of snail infested foci.Surveillance systems of the epidemic of schistosomiasis and ecology/environment along the Yangzhi River has being developed.Satellite Thematic Mapper(TM) data of schistosomiasis areas in Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces were used to generate images of two vegetation indices, namely the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and the Green Vegetation Index(GVI) of the Tasseled Cap. Then NDVI and GVI values of 4 different landcover classes in the study site were sampled to calculate means and 95% reference ranges. Analysis of variance and q test were also carried out.

本研究利用数字卫星图像进行实施研究，达到对地面环境进行精确生态测量。针对长江水灾后对钉螺孽生地的影响，研究卫星遥感图像对植被识别技术，测量草洲的变化，建立快速遥感生态测量系统。本研究将探讨空间分析技术如特征提取、图形叠加、空间连接和建立缓冲区等，分析水灾后环境改变对钉螺孽生环境及对血吸虫病传播的影响。