城市污水深度净化过程中微量有机污染物的识别及去除机制

The most important problem related to the purification of city wastewater is that there exists great difficulties for the fast and sensitive detection and effective removal of trace newly emerging hazardous organic pollutants.In this project, based on the large effective surface area and excellent electroconductivity of graphene, a series of novel functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites, which can effectively capture organic pollutants from water, will be designed and prepared through the combination of graphene with metal oxides, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), supermolecules and magnetic nanoparticles. The interaction of these graphene-based nanocomposites with a series of organic pollutants in water will be investigated, and the adsorption/desorption mechanisms will be interpreted. The nanocomposites will be further utilized for the preparation of chemically modified electrodes (CMEs), and several novel electrochemical sensors will be developed for the fast, specific and sensitive detections of organic pollutants in city wastewater based on the adsorption of organic pollutants in water onto the modified electrodes surfaces. Furthermore, the prepared magnetic graphene-based nanocomposites will be applied for the fast enrichment and effective removal of organic pollutants in wastewater. And several kinds of graphene-modified electrodes with large surface areas will be prepared and used for the electrochemical degradations of organic pollutants (such as chlorinated organic pollutants and phenolic pollutants). The implementation of this project will provide some essential techniques for the fast and sensitive detection and effective removal of organic pollutants for the further purification of city wastewater.

本项目针对目前城市污水深度净化过程中所存在的微量新兴有毒有害有机污染物难以识别和去除的关键科学问题，提出构建新型石墨烯纳米复合材料，用于城市污水中微量有机污染物的灵敏识别及高效去除。通过将石墨烯与金属氧化物、分子印迹聚合物、超分子化合物、磁性纳米颗粒等进行复合，制备一系列对有机污染物具有高效吸附作用的新型功能化石墨烯纳米复合材料，研究水中有机污染物在复合材料上的吸附和解吸动力学过程，阐述纳米复合材料吸附水中有机污染物的机理；将复合材料用于构建传感界面，利用复合材料对有机污染物的高效吸附作用及石墨烯超大的比表面积、优良的导电性，基于有机污染物结合后电信号的改变，构建城市污水中有机污染物的灵敏、快速电化学传感方法；将复合材料用于城市污水中新兴有机污染物的富集-磁性分离去除及吸附-电化学降解去除。本项目将为城市污水深度净化过程中有机污染物的快速灵敏识别与高效去除提供强有力的技术支撑。

城市污水深度净化过程中微量有机污染物的识别和去除对城市污水补充饮用水具有重要意义。本项目针对目前城市污水深度净化过程中所存在的微量有毒有害有机污染物难以识别和去除的关键科学问题，设计并制备出了几种新型纳米复合材料，开发了一系列水中微量有机污染物的灵敏识别检测技术及高效去除技术。1）设计并制备了几种石墨烯及类石墨复合材料修饰电极，用于水中酚类污染物（壬基酚、对乙酰氨基酚、对氨基苯酚、双酚A）的电化学识别及检测；2）制备了三维多孔类石墨烯复合材料，用于水中抗生素类污染物甲硝唑和氯霉素的灵敏电化学检测；3）基于巯基-烯点击化学反应，制备了环糊精共价功能化的石墨烯纳米材料，对水中的甲基对硫磷进行了定量检测，并用于萘酚同分异构体（α-萘酚和β-萘酚）的区分与同时检测；4）构建了银纳米粒子/聚硫堇/三维多孔碳修饰电极，并制备了银纳米粒子修饰的氮掺杂介孔碳及银纳米粒子修饰的三维多孔碳复合材料，用于水中消毒副产物三氯乙酸及持久性有机污染物林丹的电化学检测；5）制备了分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）包裹的钙钛矿量子点及CdSe量子点，分别用于氧乐果和卡那霉素的特异性高灵敏荧光检测；6）设计了一种具有优良可见光催化作用的新型刻蚀ZnO/非晶态氮化碳/MnO2核壳纳米棒，实现了水中有机染料类污染物（例如亚甲基蓝）的高效光电催化降解。本项目研究在城市污水深度净化过程中有机污染物的快速灵敏识别与高效去除方面具有潜在应用价值。