Chromium (Cr) is one of the top 20 pollutants in the world's recognized list of super hazardous substances. Mycorrhizal symbiosis formed by microorganisms and plants are essential for host plants in enhancing the ability to resist biotic and abiotic stresses, and become a hot research topic in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. Previous studies have showed that: Pisolithus sp1, as an ectomycorrhizal fungi with strong ability of Cr (VI) reduction can reduce Cr (VI) by direct secretion of proton outside the cell, and nitrate reductase genes (nidD, niiA) were significantly up-regulated in response to Cr (VI) stress. Based on these results, (1) the activity of anaerobic nitrate reductase in the membrane surface of mycelium; (2) the valence states of Cr (VI) in medium; (3) the law of protons entering or leaving the cell were compared before and after Cr (VI) and nitrate reductase inhibitors treatments in anaerobic conditions;and (4) study on expression, cloning and function of nidD and niiA genes to clarify the mechanism of Cr (VI) reduction regulated by anaerobic nitrate reductase in Pisolithus sp1. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the study of Cr contaminated soil phytoremediation assisted by Pisolithus sp1.
铬(Cr)是世界超级危险物质清单中排名前20的污染物之一。植物与微生物形成的菌根共生体可以有效提高宿主的耐逆性,是重金属污染土壤植物修复中的研究热点。前期研究结果表明:外生菌根真菌Pisolithus sp1具有强Cr(VI)还原能力,可通过直接分泌质子的方式在细胞外还原Cr(VI),且Cr(VI)处理下硝酸还原酶基因(nidD、niiA)显著性上调表达。基于此,本课题通过比较厌氧条件下Cr(VI)和硝酸还原酶抑制剂处理前后(1)Pisolithus sp1菌丝体膜表面厌氧硝酸还原酶活性;(2)Cr(VI)在培养体系中价态;(3)质子进出细胞的规律;(4)nidD、niiA表达、基因克隆与功能研究四个方面明确厌氧硝酸还原酶调控Pisolithus sp1胞外还原Cr(VI)的机制。本研究为Pisolithus sp1辅助植物修复Cr污染土壤的应用研究提供重要的理论依据。
前期研究结果表明:外生菌根真菌Pisolithus sp.1具有强Cr(VI)还原能力,可通过直接分泌质子的方式在细胞外还原Cr(VI),且Cr(VI)处理下硝酸还原酶基因(niaD)和亚硝酸还原酶基因(niiA)显著上调表达。基于此,本课题通过比较好氧及厌氧条件下Cr(VI)和硝酸还原酶抑制剂处理前后(1)Pisolithus sp.1菌丝体膜表面硝酸还原酶(NR)活性;(2)Cr(VI)在培养体系中价态变化;(3)质子进出细胞的规律;(4)niaD、niiA表达、基因克隆与功能研究四个方面明确NR调控Pisolithus sp.1胞外还原Cr(VI)的机制。研究结果表明:(1)Cr(VI)诱导Pisolithus sp.1菌丝中NR活性增加,NR 通过调控Pisolithus sp.1向胞外分泌质子将Cr(VI)还原为Cr(III),该过程为好氧还原。Cr(VI)诱导了Pisolithus sp.1内源NO含量的增加,NO来自NR调控的好氧反硝化过程,但不受一氧化氮合酶(NOR)的调控。NO通过减少菌丝活性氧(ROS)积累和脂质过氧化、增强菌丝过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、促进谷胱甘肽(GSH)的循环和再生等方面降低Cr(VI)对菌丝的氧化胁迫,但NO不影响Pisolithus sp.1对铬的吸收。此外,Pisolithus sp.1可以分泌色氨酸和腐植酸类物质在胞外与Cr(III)结合来降低Cr(VI)毒害。(2)在Pisolithus sp.1中通过RACE克隆、序列比对、注释、系统发育树分析等得到niaD和niiA,并运用酵母突变体回补、蛋白纯化与表达等技术手段证实了niaD具有还原Cr(VI)的功能。此外,研究发现niaD的开放阅读框(ORF)长2754bp,编码917个氨基酸;niiA的ORF长为3468bp,编码1155个氨基酸。与pgr1(裂殖酵母Schizosaccharomyces pombe中的铬酸盐还原酶)相比,Pisolithus sp.1中NR高度保守,被鉴定为II类和NADPH依赖型FMN铬酸盐还原酶。本研究为Pisolithus sp.1辅助植物修复Cr污染土壤的应用研究提供重要的理论依据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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