矿用气体降温服内微空间温度场分布及其对人体热舒适性的影响研究

As the high temperature hazard has become one of the disasters in the mine safety production, the gas cooling suit as the individual protective equipment under the high temperature environment is rising gradually. The paper takes the micro space between cooling suit and the human skin as the research object, presenting the research work focusing on the cooling principle of the gas cooling suit, heat transfer and temperature field distribution of the micro space insides the suit and the influence of temperature field on human body thermal comfort. Based on the different ventilation parameters characteristics of gas cool suit with compressed air as the gas source and local ventilation, the project not only analyzes the heat change mechanism in the micro space and builds the calculation model, but also researches the distribution regularity of temperature field in the micro space by numerical simulation. The experiment is carried out to measure the distribution of temperature field of micro space inside the cooling suit, and then analyze the key factors influencing heat intensity of the cooling suit by comparing with the results of numerical simulation. In light of the objective indicator in human physiological characteristics and Franger subjective evaluation index, reality training experiment is carried out in artificial environment chamber to analyze the influence of temperature field distribution of micro space inside the gas cooling suit on human thermal comfort and the quantitative relationship between the two factors. Further, it optimizes the ventilation parameters of gas cooling suit and improves thermal comfort of human body, which has provided scientific grounds for prevention and control of heat hazard in mine.

高温热害已经成为危害矿井安全生产的重大灾害之一，作为高温环境下个体防护设备的气体降温服正逐渐兴起。本项目以降温服与人体皮肤之间构成的微空间为研究对象，围绕气体降温服的降温原理、服装内微空间热量传递与温度场分布规律、温度场对人体热舒适性的影响展开研究。针对以压缩空气为气源、局部通气方式的气体降温服的不同通气参数指标特征，分析微空间内热量变化机制并构建计算模型，通过数值模拟研究微空间内温度场分布规律。测定分析降温服内微空间温度场分布，并与数值模拟结果进行对比，分析影响降温服换热强度的关键因素。在人工环境室内开展真人受训实验，结合人体生理特征客观指标与Franger主观评价指标构建新的热舒适性综合评价指标，分析气体降温服内微空间温度场分布对人体热舒适性的影响及其之间的定量关系，进一步优化气体降温服的通气参数和提高人体的热舒适性，为矿井热害防治提供依据。

为了揭示气体降温服微空间热量传递规律，探讨气体降温服对着装人体的局部降温效果，研究了服装微空间热量来源，分析了气体降温服局部降温机理，采用数值模与真人受训实验对比分析，分析了环境温度、进气管通风量、进气管路结构对人体皮肤温度及微空间气候环境的影响。研究结果表明：周围工作环境温度对人体皮肤温度和微空间环境温度的影响显著，而进气管通风量对人体皮肤温度及微空间环境温度影响不敏感，但对微空间内部环境的风速影响较大；入口风量每增加5m3/h，人体皮肤温度及微空间环境温度仅降低0.1-0.2℃，随着入口风量的增加，服装微空间内风速加大，人体皮肤吹风感加强，热舒适性增加。同时，通风阻力增强，通过实验探索发现通风量为10m3/h降温效果最优。不同服装结构对比研究表明，着装底部通风型降温服相对于中部通风型降温服的降温效果更好。设计的两款不同类型通气管路系统气体降温服在降低人体皮肤温度、微空间环境温度以及改变微空间环境风速上均有一定的效果，有利于提高着装人体热舒适性。提高入口风量对降低人体皮肤和微空间温度并没有太大的效果，但会使得微空间环境风速提高，增强人体热舒适性。相关模拟和实验研究结果表明气体降温服在高热环境局部降温与个体防护方面具有一定的效果。