镍铝反应材料药型罩聚能粒子流的毁伤机理研究

The nickel/aluminum (Ni/Al) reactive powder shaped charge liner is a novel kind of energetic material system which has high energy release rate under high dynamic pressure. It can sufficiently compensate the shortage of traditional shaped charge liner in pore volume and radial demolition induced by particle jet flow and has potential application value in armour-piercing projectile and oil perforating technology. Hence, mechanism of energy release and penetration of particle jet flow generated by Ni/Al reactive powder shaped charge liner is exigently worth researching. Based on mechanical property test, this research aims to research the mechanical behavior of Ni/Al reactive powder of different ratio and porosity under different strain rate, build the quantitative relation between the configuration parameters (ratio of constituents and porosities) and the mechanical properties, and establish a response criterion. It is also design to reveal the rules of energy release and attenuation by analysis on velocity and testing of temperature field of particle jet. Testing of particle jet penetration on different targets and the products analysis will also be performed in order to determine whether and when the particle jet material reacts during the formation process, and try to establish a theoretical model for Ni/Al reactive powder shaped charge liner. With the maximum penetration, pore volume and characteristic parameter of velocity time-history curve as the optimization objective, the multi-objective optimization will be performed at the material component and porosity by means of design of experiment and numerical simulation and develop a corresponding evaluation criterion. It will enrich the application of new reactive shaped charge with high damage performance in military and civil engineering and furtherly afford the theoretical foundation and technical support.

镍铝反应材料药型罩在高动压作用下可发生二次化学反应并释放大量能量，可有效弥补传统聚能射流孔容和径向毁伤不足的缺点，在穿/破甲和射孔领域极具应用价值。镍铝反应药型罩聚能粒子流的能量释放规律和侵彻机理亟需研究。本项目基于力学测试试验，研究不同配比和孔隙度的镍铝反应材料在不同应变率下的力学特性，构建构型参数（成分配比和孔隙度）与材料力学性能间的定量关系，建立反应判据。结合速度、压力和温度场检测，分析镍铝反应药型罩的能量释放和衰减规律。通过对不同靶板进行静破甲试验及产物分析，揭示镍铝聚能粒子流侵彻机理并建立其侵彻模型。以穿深、孔容和头部速度衰减特征参数为目标，对药型罩材料组分和孔隙率进行多目标优化设计，形成相应的镍铝反应药型罩侵彻毁伤性能综合评估准则。为新型高毁伤性能的镍铝反应材料药型罩在民用和军事中的应用提供基础理论依据和技术支撑。

镍铝反应材料在提高聚能装药毁伤效应方面的巨大的性能优势和应用价值，为解决大破孔提高穿深的瓶颈问题提供了有效的技术途径。然而，镍铝反应药型罩聚能粒子流的能量释放规律和侵彻机理亟需研究。. 本项目以镍铝反应材料为研究对象，基于力学测试试验，研究不同配比的镍铝反应材料在不同应变率下的力学特性，通过释能试验和静破甲试验，分析镍铝反应药型罩的能量释放规律，揭示镍铝聚能粒子流侵彻机理。试验结果表明：五种不同比例的Ni-Al活性复合材料最大压缩应力随着Al含量的增加，形成先增大后减小的趋势。其中当Ni-Al质量比为1:1时，材料的最大压缩应力此时达到最大。随着应变率的提高，五种Ni-Al活性复合材料的最大压缩应力都有较大增加，Ni-Al活性复合材料对应变率较为敏感。在2000s-1、4000s-1、6000s-1应变率加载条件下五种不同比例的Ni-Al活性复合材料均不会发生金属间化合反应。镍铝摩尔比为2:1的反应材料释能最多，为23.12kJ，而镍铝摩尔比为1:1的反应材料在前级密封舱内释放的能量最多且反应效率最高，为57.4%；Ni/Al 材料聚能粒子流连续性较Cu差，但粒子流头部速度较Cu更高，整体表现为随着药型罩密度增大，聚能粒子流头部速度降低。镍铝摩尔比为2:1反应药型罩聚能粒子流的侵彻效果最佳，与铜聚能粒子流相比，其侵彻深度降低了25%，但平均入口孔径提升了37.2%，孔容增加了16.1%；钢靶孔道周围区域发生了严重的塑性变形，并出现残余粒子流区、白色区（奥氏体和马氏体的混合物）和变形区等4个区。各区域的变形量和变形程度均存在明显的差异，孔壁尾部白色区的变形量和变形程度均大于头部。与铜聚能粒子流相比，Ni/Al聚能粒子流与钢靶孔壁之间的相互作用较强烈，且镍铝摩尔比1:4≈镍铝摩尔比1:2> 镍铝摩尔比1:1>镍铝摩尔比2:1，与孔壁的粗糙程度一致。白色区的硬度值最高，且尾部白色区的硬度值高于头部。该项目结果可以为新型高毁伤性能的镍铝反应材料药型罩在民用和军事中的应用提供技术支撑。