查干湖及周围湖泊底栖动物对景观配置响应的研究

Clarifying the impact of landscape pattern on ecological processes and serving for ecosystem conservation are ones of the core objectives in landscape ecology. Freshwater ecosystem is among the most serious human-disturbed ecosystems. Studies on river ecosystem have shown that the landscape configuration surrounded have an important impact on the aquatic ecosystems. Changes in landscape configuration may affect the benthic macro-invertebrate index of biological integrity (B-IBI), which is an effective indicator for aquatic quality. However, the effectiveness of landscape configuration metrics for predicting B-IBI remains controversial. Especially in the lake ecosystem, the response mechanism of benthic macro-invertebrate to changes in landscape configuration and corresponding ecological process are largely unknown. In this program, we plan to investigate the landscape types and patterns and monitor the water quality, sediment, and benthic macro-invertebrate in the Chagan Lake and its surrounding lakes in Jilin Province, China. We aim to determine whether the landscape types and patterns could effectively predict the B-IBI, how benthic macro-invertebrate respond to the changes in landscape configuration, and how landscape changes affect the ecological process of benthic macro-invertebrate. This study will be helpful to for method formulation for evaluation and prediction of water quality and may provide insight into the respond mechanism of Lake Ecosystem to changes in landscape patterns surrounded. This program can also provide scientific basis for the protection of Lake Ecosystem from a view of landscape management.

淡水生态系统是受人类胁迫最严重的生态系统。对河流生态系统研究表明，水域周围景观配置影响水生生态系统；底栖动物完整性等指数可反映水环境质量，响应景观配置变化。然而，景观指数能否准确预测底栖动物依然存在争议，尤其是在湖泊生态系统中，底栖动物对水域景观配置的响应机制以及相应的生态过程尚不清楚。本项目以吉林查干湖国家级自然保护区及周围湖泊为对象，通过调查水域周围景观类型与配置，采集监测湖中底栖动物、水质及底质，比较研究各湖泊生态系统与周围景观格局的关系。旨在明确湖泊景观配置能否预测底栖动物多样性，揭示底栖动物与景观配置变化的响应关系，阐明景观变化影响底栖动物的生态过程。本研究在建立湖泊生态系统健康评价新方法、揭示湖泊生态系统对景观变化的响应机制方面具有重要的意义，并可从景观管理角度为吉林查干湖国家级自然保护区及周围湖泊生态保护方案制定提供科学依据。

水域周围景观配置影响水生生态系统。近几十年来，人类活动不断改造着湖泊周围的土地利用结果，湖泊周围景观的变化势必会影响湖泊的生态系统。项目主要研究内容为：以吉林省查干湖及周围湖泊为研究对象，通过调查分析查干湖及周围湖泊景观类型、底栖动物、水质及底质，比较研究各湖泊生态系统与景观配置的关系，揭示底栖动物与景观配置变化的响应关系。项目组针对研究目标，取得了以下成果：1）识别不同空间尺度及时间变化下景观格局与大型底栖动物生物多样性的定量关系，揭示影响大型底栖动物多样性的关键景观类型和尺度及湖泊周围景观配置影响底栖动物的生态过程；2）揭示研究区域大型底栖动物群落的结构特征、多样性及其与水环境因子的相关关系，探明研究区影响大型底栖动物群落结构的关键水环境因子；3）基于Bray-Curtis相似性计算聚类分析，揭示查干湖大型底栖动物生态特征在丰水期和平水期的空间聚集特征；4）基于大型底栖动物多指标复合指数（MMI）的生态健康评价方法，从59个候选指标中筛选出的4个核心指标构建了适合中国东北部地区的MMI，为制定管理策略提供传统水环境评价以外的补充信息。.本项目研究结果从景观管理角度为查干湖自然保护区及其周围湖泊生态保护方案制定提供科学依据。