铜、铅、锌金属矿物表面黄药胶团的形成及其疏水机理研究

The hemimicelle (surface micelle) theory of surface hydrophobic mechanism of metal oxide minerals induced by long carbon chain fatty acid or fatty amine has been well accepted, however, whether xanthate with short carbon chain can form micelle or not at the surfaces of minerals has not been reported. Some previous experimental results from our group showed that xanthate with short carbon chain can form micelle at the surfaces of copper sulfide and copper oxide. In this research we plan to explore the hydrophobic mechanism of xanthate by systematically studying the solution and surface chemistry as well as the morphology of xanthate adsorption at the surfaces of copper, lead and zinc sulfide and oxide minerals. The synthetic super fine metal minerals of copper, lead and zinc and gangue minerals of alumina and silica will be used as the experimental samples to avoid the disadvantages of the high impurity, complicated composition as well as lacking representative from the natural mineral samples. Special emphasis is to explore the formation mechanisms of xanthate micelle and its selectivity for minerals by evaluating the adsorption behaviors of xanthate, physichemical properties of surface products in single or two mineral mixed systems. This research may enrich mineral flotation theory; provide evidence for establishing a hypothesis that the xanthate micelle lead to surface hydrophobicity by selectively adsorbed at the surface of minerals of metal sulfide/oxide. This research can not provide theretical basis the selective separation of super fine minerals but also for the surface modification of minerals and developing further the products of catalysts, adsorbents and fine chemicals using these mineral as the raw materials.

长链脂肪酸/胺捕收剂使金属氧化矿表面疏水的半(表面)胶团理论已被广泛接受,而短链黄药类捕收剂分子是否能在金属硫/氧化物矿物表面生成胶团尚未见报道。申请人前期探索表明短链黄药在硫/氧化铜表面均能生成表面胶团。本研究拟从系统研究黄药在铜、铅、锌矿物表面吸附的溶液化学、表面化学及吸附形态入手来探讨黄药胶团在矿物表面的生成及疏水机理。研究拟采用人工合成的超细粒硫/氧化铜、铅、锌矿物及氧化铝/硅脉石矿物粒子为样品以克服天然纯矿物组成复杂、杂质含量高、缺乏普适性的不足。通过研究比较黄药在单一和混合矿物体系的吸附行为和表面产物的物理化学性质来探讨铜、铅、锌金属矿物表面黄药胶团的选择性生成和疏水机理。本研究工作可为丰富矿物浮选理论，建立黄药在不同矿物表面选择性吸附的表面胶团疏水说提供依据。研究结果不仅可为超细粒矿物分选,也可为矿物的表面改性及深度开发以其为原料的催化剂、吸附剂和精细化学品提供理论依据。

黄药是金属硫化矿浮选最常用的捕收剂，然而关于黄药使金属硫化矿物表面疏水的机理仍然是众说纷纭、莫衷一是。本项目旨在通过研究黄药在人工合成的铜、铅、锌及经金属离子活化的铝硅酸盐矿物表面的吸附来了解黄药表面胶团的生成及其机理。研究的主要内容为：制备了一系列高纯超细粒铜、铅、锌、锑氧化物、硫化物、铝硅酸盐矿物、铝硅酸盐分子筛并通过XRD、TEM、FTIR、TG/DTA、N2 吸附/脱附、接触角、动电位和表面酸碱平衡常数等测定证明了其矿物特征属性；合成了乙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基等不同链长的黄药及并测定了铅、锌、镉黄原酸盐的溶解度积，系统研究了不同链长黄药在铜、铅、锌及铝硅酸盐单一矿物和混合矿物表面的吸附平衡常数和反应动力学常数。本项目的主要研究进展为通过芘荧光探针、电导率测定和连续在线原位ATR-FTIR测定与二维红外相关光谱处理技术相结合的方法证实了铜铅锌矿物表面黄药聚集体（表面黄药胶团）的存在，为黄药在重金属硫化/氧化矿物表面吸附的表面胶团形成假说提供了实验依据。这对于了解黄药在矿物表面的吸附及其矿物浮选机理有重要意义；通过研究黄药在混合矿物及其铝硅酸盐矿物或分子筛表面的吸附可进一步的了解脉石矿物混入浮选精矿的机理，有助于对症下药提高有用金属矿物与脉石的分选效率；测定了一系列金属黄原酸盐的溶解度积，可为黄药在金属矿物浮选和重金属离子废水的处理的应用提供理论依据。