生物制剂强化MSL系统生物降解高浓度氨氮性能与调控方法及其过程机理

Biological agents can enhance the removal of high-levels of ammonium from wastewater by using multi-soil-layering (MSL) system. Most of these researches are focused on the pollutants removal, rather than the corresponding microbial response and it’s regulating methods by the biological agents. In this study, during the removal of high-levels of ammonium from the swine wastewater, the following investigations were conducted. First of all, it focused on the strengthening effects within the micro-environment of the biofilms, based on the behavioral characteristics and degradation kinetics of the ammonium, and the distribution and concentration of the biological agents in MSL system. Secondly, the effects of the biological agents on the microbial environment, microbial species, and the growth of the biofilms were determined. And last, the innate character of the bio-reactions of high concentration of ammonium and the microbial-phase in the biofilms were clarified. These results will help elucidate the microbial response and it’s regulating methods in the biofilms in MSL system, solve the problem of low removal efficiency for high-levels of ammonium in MSL system, and will provide the accurate biological information and theory basis for the innovation of the efficient technologies for wastewater treatment as well.

生物制剂强化多介质土壤层系统（multi soil layering treatment, MSL）处理高浓度氨氮废水的性能，多停留于污染物去除效果的研究，对强化过程中生物膜的微生物效应和调控机理的研究亟待深入。本项目以典型的高浓度氨氮废水——猪场废水沼液为处理对象，分别基于MSL反应器、生物膜颗粒水平，从高浓度氨氮在系统中的行为特征和降解动力学特征出发，结合生物制剂在系统内生物膜的分布和浓度变化，考察生物制剂对高浓度氨氮在微生物环境中生化反应的强化效果，分析生物制剂对系统内微生物环境、微生物种属和微生物生长规律的影响，进而明晰生物制剂存在条件下生物膜内生化反应本质和微生物相的变化。研究结果有助于阐明MSL系统生物降解高浓度氨氮的微生物学效应和调控机理，促进解决现有MSL技术对高浓度氨氮废水处理效率低的问题，为高浓度氨氮废水处理技术的革新提供准确的生物学信息。

多介质土壤层系统(multi soil layering treatment，MSL)集土壤过滤、表面吸附、微生物降解于一体，已成为去除废水中有机物和氨氮等污染物的重要技术。基于MSL系统对高浓度氨氮去除效果差的现状，本项目以猪场废水沼液为处理对象，构建了生物制剂强化MSL系统生物降解高浓度氨氮的技术。主要研究了猪场废水沼液、屠宰废水、市政污泥、农作物秸秆等资源化制备生物制剂的可行性，生物制剂的特征及在废水处理、市政污泥脱水等领域的应用前景，MSL系统对废水中氨氮的降解性能，生物制剂强化MSL去除废水中氨氮的性能，生物制剂存在前提下MSL系统中污染物质尤其是氨氮的行为特征，以及MSL系统处理废水过程中微生物的变化和分布情况。研究结果显示，猪场废水沼液、屠宰废水、市政污泥、农作物秸秆等能够被微生物资源化利用，并能够有效提取生物制剂，例如：将四川省某养猪场污水处理工程污泥中筛选的耐高浓度氨氮的微生物菌株，接种于1L猪场废水沼液中，发酵培养60h，可获得3.11g生物制剂，该生物制剂的主要活性成分是多糖类物质。所提取的生物制剂在猪场废水沼液处理、市政污泥脱水等领域内体现出一定的优越性，例如：经过20mg上述生物制剂处理30min后，1L猪场废水沼液中的COD、氨氮、总磷可分别去除70.2%、76.5%和82.8%。对于MSL系统处理猪场废水沼液而言，通过连续进水的方式挂膜28d后，MSL系统达到稳定运行状态，并能够去除63.6%的氨氮、58.5%的总氮和46.5%的总磷，MSL系统表现出对进水水力负荷变化较强的适应性(80-200L/(m2•d))，氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率均维持在80%以上。生物制剂显著促进了MSL系统对氨氮的去除，当HLR分别为80、120、160、200 L/(m2•d)时，没有添加生物制剂的MSL对氨氮的平均去除率为85.6%、89.2%、85.2%、84.1%，相同运行条件下，添加0.1 CMC生物制剂后，MSL对氨氮的平均去除率分别提高到90.1%、92.6%、90.3%、87.4%。生物制剂是通过促进NH4+在废水相和生物膜相的传质，从而提高MSL对氨氮的去除。