有机官能修饰生物炭的靶向设计及调控机制研究

The improvement of the adsorption property as well as the development of remediation technology have been largely impeded due to the unclear of the reaction mechanism of the surface modification of biochar. To realize the targeting decoration and controllable activation, the impact mechanism and the adjusting disciplinary of the modification on the surface organic functional groups of biochars are going to be systematically investigated. Details as follow: (1) agricultural wastes and food residues will be employed as feedstock to be transferred into biochar via hydrothermal carbonization to study the degree and scope of the influence of different factors on the surface organic functional groups; (2) the relationship between those factors and the formation, transformation and elimination of the surface organic groups will be explored by preparing and analysis the product in stages, and furthermore the reaction models and mechanisms of different factors will be clarified; (3) according to the data of the former experiments, the mathematic equations describing the impact function from single factor as well as combined effects will been calculated, and based on which the mechanic model will be established and further amended; (4) finally, biochars with designed surface organic groups will be produced appropriately and their adsorption behavior toward various heavy metals in aqueous solution will be analyzed. As a result, theory direction and technique support will be applied for the targeting and controllable optimizing modification of the biochar’s surface properties, and the effective enhancement of the adsorption performance can be achieved while the development of the efficient and economic biochar remediation technology can be greatly accelerated.

针对目前生物炭吸附材料表面改性机理不明、吸附性能提升困难等问题，本项目拟对生物炭表面有机官能结构的影响机制及调控机理进行研究，以实现生物炭表面有机官能结构的靶向修饰，有效提高其吸附性能。具体地：（1）以农林废弃物和食品残留物为生物质原材料，研究水热炭化过程中特定因素对生物炭表面不同官能结构的影响程度和影响范围；（2）通过阶段拆分制备表征全面探索水热炭化过程中的各项因素与生物炭表面有机官能基团生成、去除、改性等变化之间的一一对应关系，解析不同因素的作用模式和作用机制；（3）利用大量实验数据量化分析不同因素的单一和协同作用效应，构建相关理论模型并进行验证与修正；（4）靶向设计制备表面有机官能优化修饰的生物炭并验证其重金属吸附能力。本项目将为有机官能修饰生物炭的定向设计与改性制备提供理论指导与技术支撑，快速推进生物炭吸附性能的有效提高以及高效经济生物炭修复技术的持续开发。

针对目前生物炭吸附材料表面改性机理不明、吸附性能提升困难等问题，本项目对生物炭表面有机官能结构的影响机制及调控机理进行研究，实现了生物炭表面有机官能结构的靶向修饰，有效提高其吸附性能。具体地：（1）以农林废弃物和食品残留物为生物质原材料，研究水热炭化过程中特定因素对生物炭表面不同官能结构的影响程度和影响范围；（2）通过阶段拆分制备表征全面探索水热炭化过程中的各项因素与生物炭表面有机官能基团生成、去除、改性等变化之间的一一对应关系，解析不同因素的作用模式和作用机制；（3）利用大量实验数据量化分析不同因素的单一和协同作用效应，构建相关理论模型并进行验证与修正；（4）靶向设计制备表面有机官能优化修饰的生物炭并验证其重金属吸附能力。本项目将为有机官能修饰生物炭的定向设计与改性制备提供理论指导与技术支撑，快速推进生物炭吸附性能的有效提高以及高效经济生物炭修复技术的持续开发。具体成果方面，1）针对生物炭材料表面改性方式，项目创新性的构建了新型湿式热解体系，以改善生物炭含氧官能团及加强材料表面性能丰富程度，并且在此基础上，引入过渡金属元素及非金属杂原子，合成理化性质相异的生物炭复合材料；2）针对生物炭复合材料多元素掺杂，研究团队以生物炭为基底，通过调控性改善其表面含氧官能团以加强其对多硫化物的吸附作用，获取具有丰富杂原子掺杂以及良好亲水性能的负载过渡金属炭基复合材料，并应用于能源电极材料；3）从环境应用领域出发，针对典型重金属吸附机理、有机物降解机理、生物炭表面理化性质和生物炭的热解条件之间的内在联系进行研究。进一步针对生物炭的热解条件及处理效果之间的内在联系进行研究，阐明生物炭于竞争环境中对多种共存重金属离子的吸附机理、复合生物炭材料对持久性农药的降解机理，对重金属及有机物污染的净化具有重要意义。