海洋溢油降解土著微生物浮滴的构建及其动力学过程与生物修复机理研究

Marine oil spills, as the biggest pollution problem of marine, have resulted in the negative impact on the water, air, soil and the ecosystem. Bioremediation of marine pollution due to crude oil provided an effective, green approach. Oil spills would be dynamically changing in the marine environment, therefore, the key problems for efficient bioremediation of marine oil spills are to supply high concentration of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms and nutrients required, and to obtain the good contact between microorganisms and oil droplets. .The project aims to develop new floating droplets for the bioremediation of marine oil spills with indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms. Identification and isolation of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms from the marine environment with oil spills will be carried out and then the database of the indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms for the bioremediation of marine oil spills will be developed. The surface active media for floating droplets will use biosurfactants, hydrolytic chitins and chitosans which will be also modified with acidic or basic groups. The new preparation approach for the floating droplets will be developed using the mixture of microorganisms, nutrients and surface active media, which can form automatically the floating droplets when subjected to the oil spills. The dynamic behavior of floating droplets, including mass transfer kinetics, oil-degrading kinetics, and metabolic kinetics, will be explored. Finally, the bioremediation experiments of marine oil spills with indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms using these floating droplets will be scaled up and the corresponding degradation characteristics will be explored. .This project will provide a new approach for the effective degrading of marin oil spills and also strengthen the theory of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms for bioremediation of marine oil spills.

海洋溢油污染会给水体、空气、土壤和生态系统带来严重危害，是当今全球海洋污染最严重的问题，对溢油的高效微生物降解处理是解决海洋溢油污染的绿色有效途径。受海洋开放、动态特征的影响，如何保证溢油区微生物的有效富集和所需营养底物的浓度，以及菌种与油滴的良好接触，是决定溢油降解效率的关键。.本申请项目拟研究一种土著微生物浮滴降解海洋溢油的新方法，通过对溢油水体区域筛选和构建高效溢油土著降解菌群，并以生物表面活性剂和甲壳素、壳聚糖等经水解改性的产物为介质，包裹微生物菌群和营养底物，建立一种可直接喷洒，遇油自动形成溢油微生物浮滴的方法；研究浮滴对海洋溢油降解过程中的浮滴动力学、传质动力学、降解和代谢动力学行为；探索土著微生物浮滴规模化溢油降解的特性，找到规模化浮滴处理溢油的影响规律。.通过本项目的研究，可望探索一种有效治理海洋溢油水体污染的新方法，丰富海洋微生物溢油降解处理的理论研究。

针对含油污水或废水的处理，１）探索了表面活性剂包覆微生物悬滴的制备，以及可漂浮在海面的漂浮颗粒或介质的制备和优化，获得了发泡剂／乙基纤维素共添加的漂浮性海藻酸钠颗粒，金属铜负载的海藻酸钠基气凝胶和多孔超疏水可吸油的海绵。２）为了实现油水分离，选择机械性良好的金属网为介质，构建了硫醇修饰的超疏水铜网，CaSiO3和硅氧烷修饰的不锈钢网和以废弃生物质芦苇叶燃烧产生的碳灰作为修饰物质，获得了芦苇叶碳灰/硅氧烷修饰的超疏水不锈钢网。３）针对含油废水中难以处理的油水乳状液，通过对微滤膜进行修饰，获得了含磁性四氧化铁、碳酸钙、抑菌剂和聚多巴胺等负载的多种水包油乳液分离材料，并探索了制备的膜材料对乳液的分离性能和分离机理。４）针对含油或不含油的污水和废水的处理，以容易自然降解、来源广泛的生物质为介质及其它深度处理法，探索不同条件对废水的处理。获得了以农业秸秆发酵液作为外加碳源的优化方案；选出了合适的去除含油废水中重金属的生物质吸附剂，通过研究掌握了吸附去除重金属的影响因素，为实际应用提供技术支持；针对含油废水深度处理成本高的问题，采用廉价的铁粉耦合芬顿氧化法深度处理含油废水。研究在深度去除油的同时也去除废水中的重金属，探索成本低而效率高的深度处理含油废水的方法；以廉价绿色的竹粉为基质，获得的竹粉基分离材料用于工业染料废水的去除。