历史城镇更新改造中空间与文化生态协同适应机理研究——以关中地区为例

Both the dissemination and evolution of culture and the existence and renewal of historical space are the key issues of sustainable development about historical towns. In fact, the protection and renewal of historical towns has separated the dynamic organic connection between multivariate space and cultural ecology, which has made the space of historical towns frozen in a particular historical moment or destroyed the foundation of traditional culture to survive in China. In order to promote the collaborative symbiosis between them, and realize the unification of protection and renovation, the unification of historic and modernity, it is critical to discover its inner mechanism of collaborative adaptation and establish an effective coordination mechanism. Therefore, this topic explores the essential associated elements and system structure of coordinated adaptation about historical towns space and cultural ecology, identifies their levels and types and qualitative characterization of coordinated adaptation, reveals the dynamic process and path mechanism about coordinated adaptation, and thus evolves into a multidimensional analytical framework about space of historical towns and cultural ecology with methods as multidisciplinary cross-combing and case analysis，systematic analysis and synthesis ,cluster induction and comparative study, data analysis and dynamic simulation. It is not only an expanding about the research on ecological construction theory of urban space, but also a deepening and improvement about collaborative development concept of historical and cultural heritage protection, which provides a new idea and a new analytical framework for the gradual renewal practice about historical towns.

文化传扬演进与历史空间存续更新是历史城镇可持续发展的核心。我国历史城镇保护与更新改造的现实发展割裂了多元空间与文化生态的动态有机联系，导致城镇空间冻结在某一历史时刻或破坏传统文化生存的根基。如何促使二者协同共生，实现保护与更新的统一，历史性与现代性的统一，发掘其协同适应的内在机理并建立有效的协同机制是解决此类问题的关键。为此，本课题采用多学科交叉梳理与典型案例剖析、系统分析与系统综合、聚类归纳与对比研究、数据分析与动态模拟相结合等方法，发掘历史城镇空间与文化生态协同适应的本质关联要素及系统构成，辨识协同适应的层次类型及质性特征，揭示协同适应的动态过程及路径机制，并由此形成历史城镇空间与文化生态协同发展的多维解析框架。这既是对文化生态学视角下研究城市空间生态化建设理论的拓展，也是对历史文化遗产保护协同发展思想的深化与完善，更为历史城镇渐进式更新实践提供一种新思路与新解析框架。

文化生态是城市可持续发展的一种全新理念和内在动力。针对历史城镇保护更新中文化生态与多元空间的割裂和碎片化等问题，以文化传扬演进与历史空间存续更新为核心，探索文化生态与空间协同适应的内在机理，有利于深化完善历史文化遗产协同保护思想，有利于为历史城镇更新提供一种新思路与新解析框架。历史城镇是一个文化生态实体，历史先民和原住民是生态核、文化主体和传承基础；文化类型与形式是生态基、发展底色和背景；自然生态与人工物质空间是生态库，构成并维持文化特色与个性；外在的自然经济社会联系是生态环境支撑系统。历史城镇空间建设是不同历史时期文化生态的综合映射，二者具有双向建构与双向约束关系。通过对文化生态变迁下历史城镇空间建设、保护与发展的历时性研判，发现二者协同适应是以价值观念、主体行为、功能功效、环境基础、形式意蕴为五大核心要素，以主体协同、介质适应、客体融合、规划实施导控为四大动力，协同主体在价值共识前提下，在适应现代经济社会发展基础上，以保证文化生态与空间形意一体和时空延展为目标，通过规划设计强力导控和对在地居民及外来人员行为模式引导促进历史城镇的可持续更新与发展。具有文化共建共生、公共精神培育、文化记忆与生活艺术互文共生、自然生态格局延续、“文化-空间”形态框架整体控制、文化景观区域统筹与形态引导、景观意蕴融合新生等多元共时存在路径。通过解析文化生态、城镇空间各自的形态结构及内在特征，提出二者协同适应具有文化区与文化模式适应、文化丛与文化特质适应两个基本层次，表现为点状空间中形体形态与心理形态适应、块状空间中行为路径与行为形态适应、轴带空间中伦理秩序与制度形态适应、面状空间中各要素体系全面多元适应、过渡性界面空间中要素的选择性适应等五种基本类型。