丛枝菌根真菌与植物之间互作关系的演化及作用机制

Environmental changes are driving forces for plant adaptive evolution, affecting evolutionary interactions between plant and biology. The physiology and biochemistry of plants in native ranges often differ with those in invasive ranges, thus selection may favor invasive plants to evolve novel ineraction between plants and soil microorganism and even influence the plant adaptive evolution.Therefore, studies on the varying the interaction of soil microorganism on conspecific plants from invasive and native populations that are genetically related will benefit to explore the new insights for understanding the mechanisms on plant adaptive evalution, through which invasive plants rapidly adapt to new environments. Native to China, tallow is a perennial plant which has been introduced in the United States for many years. Our previous studies show that there are significantly different in the impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF) on the invasive and native population. However, we know little that how does the AMF help plants to adaptive evolution and its involved mechanisms. To address these questions, we proposal to examine and compare the interaction between AMF and the genetically related genotypes of invasive and native plant populations through analysis of secondary chemical compounds and common garden experiments. The results will break new ground in our understanding of plant adaptive evolution to new environments by using soil microorganism, as well as the mechanisms for such variations.

环境变化是植物演化的主要驱动力，影响着植物与周围生物的互作关系。与原产地植物相比，入侵地植物在新环境下的生理生化特性往往会发生很大的变化，因此，新的环境压力可能是驱动植物与土壤微生物关系发生变化的主要因素之一。通过比较同种入侵植物的原产地和入侵地种群对土壤微生物影响的差异以及这些微生物对植物的反作用，有助于探索和揭示植物迅速适应新环境的机制，同时具有重要的进化生态学意义。乌桕是原产于我国，后入侵到美国的一种多年生植物，前期研究表明，丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 对入侵地和原产地种群的影响具有很大差异，但它们之间的作用机制尚未明确。所以，本项目以具有密切亲缘关系的乌桕原产地和入侵地种群为研究对象，利用同质园试验，通过比较不同种群的次生代谢物的组成差异及其对AMF的影响，探索AMF在乌桕演化过程中的作用，进而揭示植物的演化机理及其在新环境中的适应机制。

环境变化是植物演化的主要驱动力，影响着植物与周围生物的相互关系。而入侵植物在新环境下的生理生化特性往往会发生很大的变化，这与新的环境压力对植物与土壤微生物互作的驱动有着密切关系。通过比较同种入侵植物不同环境中的植物种群（原产地和入侵地种群）的生化特性及其对土壤微生物影响的差异，有助于探索和揭示植物迅速适应新环境的机制。因此，本项目选择原产于我国，后入侵到美国的乌桕为研究对象，通过同质园和室内试验，比较不同种群的次生代谢物的组成差异及其对AMF的影响，以及AMF对植物的影响，从而探索AMF在乌桕演化过程中的作用，揭示植物的演化机理及其在新环境中的适应机制。研究结果表明：AMF与乌桕生长存在显著正相关性；次生物质槲皮素和槲皮苷在入侵地种群中的含量显著升高：其中槲皮素对AMF孢子萌发活性更显著。由此初步明确了AMF 在植物演化过程的作用，有助于揭示新环境下植物地理种群的环境适应策略演化的过程和机制，填补了土壤微生物对植物演化影响方面的研究空白。