晋西北矿区“岩质边坡—人工土壤—植被”系统的稳定性及调控研究

The coal and mining activities in Shanxi Province resulted in a lot of bare rock slopes and ecological restoration has been highly valued. With low rainfall and not uneven distribution in northwest Shanxi, the restoration ecosystem was easy to degradation, and the engineering stability was poor. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct researches deeply into the stable succession of rock slope ecosystem in northwest Shanxi. By investigating rocky slope protection technology, this projection is about the stability and regulation of “rock slope-artificial soil-vegetation” of the mining area in northwest Shanxi through means of artificial simulation, locating observation and laboratory analysis. This research observes the characteristics of water dynamic balance of artificial soil under drought stress, establishes the water dynamic balance equation, figures out system water threshold condition and other issues like the stability characteristics of artificial soil in heavy rain, the characteristics of system nutrient cycling, the characteristics of shear strength of “artificial soil - roots - rock” and stability evaluation of vegetation. It is significant for rock slope restoration theory and for the sustainable development of rock slope ecological engineering in northwest Shanxi.

伴随着山西省煤炭、矿山开采重大工程活动，大量裸露岩质边坡形成，岩质边坡生态治理已受到社会各界的高度重视。晋西北降水量少且时空分布不均匀，人工恢复生态系统易退化，工程稳定性差，急需对晋西北矿区岩质边坡生态系统稳定演替进行深入研究。本项目以晋西北矿区岩质边坡植被修复技术为研究对象，研究“岩质边坡一人工土壤一植被”系统的稳定性及调控研究，采用人工模拟试验、野外调查、实验分析的研究方法，研究干旱胁迫下人工土壤水分动态平衡特征，建立水分动态平衡方程，探明系统水分阈值条件，研究强降雨下人工土壤的稳定性特征，研究系统养分循环特征，“人工土壤-根系-岩石”的抗剪强度特性，护坡植被稳定性评价等关键问题，优化矿区岩质边坡植被修复技术，对于完善晋西北矿区岩质边坡植被生态修复理论体系具有意义，对于晋西北矿区岩质边坡生态工程可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。

针对晋西北矿区降雨量少、贫瘠的环境特征，拟解决晋西北矿区岩质边坡生态治理困难、工程稳定性差等问题，开展晋西北矿区“岩质边坡一人工土壤一植被”系统的稳定性和调控研究。项目调查了晋西北矿区岩质边坡的工程环境特征，初步研究了晋西北“岩质边坡－人工土壤－植被”系统的工程初期的水分养分力学等基本特性，揭示了不同土壤水分条件下系统水分动态变化特征，构建人工土壤水分平衡模型；研究了系统的养分循环特征和初期衰减特征，探明不同时期系统养分供给特征；研究不同生长期降雨条件下人工土壤稳定性变化特征和力学作用特征，分析人工植物群落物种多样性特征；并从施工工艺优化角度阐明系统稳定调控途径。研究中我们发现仍存在很多问题急需解决，坡面金属防护网易腐蚀断裂，坡面土壤失稳垮塌等问题亟待解决，后续工作急需针对矿区岩质边坡生态系统稳定演替进一步深入研究。