连作条件下摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）对花生根系生长发育的影响

Peanut is an important oil crops in china. Because of the limited farmland, continuous cropping is very common in peanut cultivation, and resulting in yield reduction about 10%-30%. In rotation restricted circumstances, how to alleviate the negtive effects of continuous cropping obstacle on peanut yield? it has been one of the most important researches. The prior study has been completed the soil microbial sequencing under peanut continuous cropping. The result showed that the number of Glomus belongs to Glomeromycota has been decreasing with the time increasing of continuous cropping. It suggests that the reduced number of fungi may be one important of the causes of peanut continuous cropping obstacle. On the basis of this result, Glomus mosseae will be inoculated to peanut roots in the continuous cropping soil. Peanut root morphological structure, physiological and biochemical characteristics and root transcriptome , as well as the rhizosphere micro-environment will be studied for illuminating the role in peanut continuous cropping soil. This study will provide an important theoretical and practical significance for resolving peanut continuous cropping obstacle.

花生是我国重要的油料作物，由于耕地面积有限，粮油争地矛盾突出，花生连作现象十分普遍，连作导致花生植株发育不良、抗逆性降低、荚果减产约10%-30%。在轮作受限制情况下，如何缓解连作障碍对荚果产量的影响，一直是研究重点之一。项目组前期完成了连作花生土壤真菌群落结构和丰度的测序，发现球囊菌门中球囊霉属真菌数量随着连作年限的增加而下降，表明该真菌数量的下降可能是引起花生连作障碍的原因之一。本项目拟在前期的研究基础上，向花生连作土壤中加入摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)，通过研究其对连作花生根系形态结构、生理生化特性和分子调控机制的改变，以及对根际微环境的改善，明确摩西球囊霉在改良花生连作土壤中的作用。本研究结果将为摩西球囊霉缓解连作花生障碍提供理论依据和生产实践指导，具有重要的理论和实践意义。

花生是我国重要的油料和经济作物，由于连作现象十分普遍，导致花生植株发育不良、抗逆性降低、荚果减产约10%~30%。本项目通过向花生连作土壤中加入摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)，研究其对连作花生根系形态结构、生理生化特性和分子调控机制的改变，以及对连作花生根际微环境的改善情况。研究结果表明，接种摩西斗管囊霉比未接种的能够提高连作花生的根系活力、增强根系对逆境胁迫的抵抗能力、促进根系对氮、磷、钾和钙的矿物质元素吸收。通过分析连作花生根系转录组的数据表明，接种摩西斗管囊霉能够调控连作花生根系激素和类黄酮生物合成途径；而代谢物质含量的变化也验证了生长素、脱落酸、茉莉酸和水杨酸及类黄酮的含量在接种摩西斗管囊霉的连作花生根系中发生了变化，说明这些物质对保护根系发育起到重要的调节作用。进一步对接种摩西斗管囊霉的连作花生根际土壤微生物进行真菌ITS和细菌16s进行测序和分析，发现摩西斗管囊霉能够减少土壤中有害真菌曲霉菌属、镰刀菌属和赤霉菌属的多度，增加有益细菌放线菌的多度；摩西斗管囊霉也显著的增加了土壤中磷、钾和钙的矿物质含量，提高了土壤中碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和硝酸还原酶的活性。另外，接种摩西斗管囊霉显著提高了连作花生的产量和籽仁的品质。可见，摩西斗管囊霉能够改善连作花生根系的土壤微环境，增加根系吸收矿物质营养，促进地上部分的生长发育，从而缓解花生连作障碍。本项目的研究为农作物连作土壤及其它土壤的改良提供了实践意义。