防风药材质量形成和积累的生理生态机制及调控

Chinese medicine products are the source of Chinese medicinal plant, and they are the basis of quality of Chinese medicine products, and its quality, stability and controllability is not only the key scientific issues, but also bottle neck problem in production fields. Saposhnikovia divaricata (Miq.) Schischk. is a perennial herbaceous plant, a common traditional Chinese herb distributed in northeast, northwest and north of China and officially listed in the pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and their unbolting roots can be used as medicines. Recently, cultivated S. divaricata have already become the main source of medicinal materials. However, because of their habitats, individuals, harvest times were different. These differences make the clinic effect of medicinal licorice instable, so it is significant to reveal the physiological and ecological mechanism of the variation of active ingredient contents. If the main ecological factors that influenced the herb quality were clarified, which can guide the standardization of artificial cultivation, increase the active ingredient contents of herb. The contents of chromones (prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammioside) are serve as indicating index, combined data base on ecological factors (temperature and precipitation), soil (microorganism, microelement, water content, pH and soil salinity) and illumination, the mathematical model that the relationship between ecological factors and herbal quality was build, the dynamic changes of active ingredient contents in different periods will be studied by artificial water experiments, and its gene expression, key enzyme activity in accumulation of active ingredient will be analyzed, which can clarify the molecular, physiological and ecological mechanisms in the accumulation of quality of S. divaricata, This knowledge is scientific basis and technologic support for evaluation on genuine producing areas and regulation and control for herbal quality.

防风是我国重要的药用植物资源，由于各地生态环境的差异，导致防风药材质量差异很大，直接影响防风药材的临床疗效及产品的质量。本项目以药用植物防风为对象，以防风色原酮（升麻素苷和5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷）为质量标准，辅以生态因子包括气候（温度、降水）、土壤（微生物、微量元素、水分含量、pH值和盐分）和光照条件数据的综合支持下，建立防风药效成分与环境因子关系数学模型，通过人工控制水分、土壤实验，分析不同时期防风主要药效成分含量变化及其生物合成途径中关键酶活性和基因表达差异的关系，阐明防风药材质量形成和积累的分子机理和生理生态机制，为防风药材道地产区的评价及药材质量的调控提供科学依据与潜在技术支撑。

采集吉林省和内蒙古自治区内14个产地的防风药材及其根际土壤，并获取当地气候资料。结果表明：不同产地防风药材中色原酮含量差异较大。内蒙古那木景岗、通辽市大青沟、前郭县红星牧场和洮南市鲜立产地中，防风药材色原酮含量最高。产地药材根际土壤钙、磷元素含量最高，年平均气温较低，属干旱气候，主要为黑钙土、风沙土和栗钙土地区。长春市净月潭、长岭县马场北甸子、长岭县马场红星和长春市双阳区产地中，防风药材色原酮含量最低。产地土壤钙、磷元素含量最低 ，年平均气温较高，属半干旱气候，主要为黑土、风沙土和盐碱土地区。.通过对水分胁迫对一、二年生防风生理生态特性研究，结果发现轻度水分胁迫能够刺激保护酶(SOD，POD，CAT)活性增加，各酶之间协调作用共同抵抗逆境胁迫，但水分胁迫加重和胁迫时间过久，酶活性就会降低；重度水分胁迫下MDA含量急剧上升，积累最多，对细胞膜的伤害最大；植物在严重缺水时也会减少叶绿素的积累。.通过对不同水分处理下防风色原酮合成途径关键酶活性及色原酮含量影响研究发现，适度水分胁迫能提高关键酶活性，且根关键酶活性高于叶关键酶活性；防风在遭受重度水分胁迫时色原酮会快速上升抵抗干旱环境，但是随着胁迫时间的延长，一年生防风色原酮含量及关键酶活性都有不同程度的下降；二年生防风在不同水分处理下抽薹时期各不相同，结果表明，防风发生抽薹后关键酶活性及药效成分都会减少。因此控制好水量，对于防止防风抽薹及稳定和提升防风质量具有重大意义。.对防风各关键酶活性相关性分析发现，各酶活性间呈显著或极显著正相关，由此说明各关键酶互相协调共同影响色原酮类代谢途径；防风色原酮含量与关键酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关，说明通过增调防风色原酮代谢途径中相应关键酶的活性，能够提高药效成分色原酮类的含量。