高速磁浮列车电容式无线辅助供电系统功率提升策略研究

High-speed maglev systems develop rapidly under the vigorous promotion of the state. However, the existing auxiliary power supply technologies for maglev trains driving in the low-speed section have prominent defects in safety, carrying capacity and efficiency. The inherent characteristics of the capacitive power transfer technology are in good agreement with the auxiliary power supply application of maglev trains. It is an optimal solution to solve the technical defects above. However, there is still a technical bottleneck of insufficient power in this technology. Therefore, this project intends to research a power enhancement strategy for capacitive power transfer systems and put forward an auxiliary power supply system for high-speed maglev trains based on it. Aiming at the complex dynamic behavior of the system, a modeling method based on hybrid automata theory is proposed, which reveals the power transmission mechanism of the system under the combined action of linear, non-linear and time-varying characteristics. To solve the constraints of system movement and component stress on power transmission, a power enhancement method composed by the off-line optimization for compensating network and multi-dimensional driving sequence as well as the on-line tracking for maximum power is proposed. Finally, a prototype of capacitive auxiliary power supply system for high-speed maglev trains is constructed to verify and correct the theory system. The implementation of this project is helpful to provide a new and optimized auxiliary power supply method and its theoretical support for high-speed maglev trains, which also has important theoretical significance and engineering value.

高速磁浮系统在国家大力推动下快速发展，然而现有高速磁浮列车低速段辅助供电技术在安全性、承载力、效率等方面的缺陷日益凸显。电容式无线供电技术固有特性与磁浮列车辅助供电场景十分吻合，是解决上述技术缺陷的优选方案，但目前该技术仍存在供电功率不足的技术瓶颈，且提升方法尚未明晰。因此本项目拟提出基于电容式无线供电技术的高速磁浮列车辅助供电系统，并围绕该技术展开功率提升策略研究。针对系统动力学行为复杂问题，提出基于混杂自动机理论的系统建模研究，揭示系统在线性、非线性、时变性特征共同作用下的电能传输机理；针对系统移动和元件应力对功率传输的制约问题，提出基于复合补偿与多维驱动时序离线优化和最大功率在线跟踪有机结合的系统功率提升策略研究。最后搭建高速磁浮列车电容式辅助供电系统原理样机，验证并修正理论体系。本项目的实施有助于为高速磁浮列车提供一种新型优选的辅助供电方式及其理论支撑，具有重要理论意义与工程价值。

高速磁浮系统被纳入国家“十三五”重点研发计划，成为国家重点研究领域。然而，多年现场运营发现现有辅助供电方式均存在明显弊端，严重制约了高速磁浮列车的发展与推广，如何彻底消除高速磁浮列车现有车厢辅助供电技术存在的弊端是亟待解决的问题。大量研究呈现的电容式无线供电（CPT）技术固有特点与磁浮列车辅助供电需求十分吻合，基于CPT技术的高速磁浮列车辅助供电方案是解决现有供电技术弊端的优选途径。但现有CPT技术的供电功率不足问题突出，本项目以高速磁浮列车低速段辅助供电需求为牵引，以突破CPT系统功率不足的技术瓶颈为目标，开展了高速磁浮列车电容式无线辅助供电系统功率提升策略研究。重点研究了以下几方面内容：1）基于多输入多输出（MIMO）电容式耦合机构的CPT系统模块化扩展与功率提升方法。提出了①具有任意端口数的MIMO电容式耦合机构的通用耦合模型；②一种基于共享电感的解耦电路和相应的补偿网络；③一种感应式与电容式组合的无线供电系统及其功率叠加方法；④一种基于分裂极板的解耦型耦合机构实现了同侧端口解耦。2）多端口CPT系统的恒压/恒流输出特性。提出了①一种基于反混合参数的耦合机构建模方法及其在多恒压输出CPT系统设计中应用研究；②一种具有变负载与过分段恒压输出特性的动态CPT系统设计方法；③基于解耦型接收端口和可变电感的CPT系统接收端自调谐方法；④冷藏集装箱用多负载电容式无线供电系统设计方法。总之，在项目资助下，本项目的研究达成了预期的研究目标。共发表论文14篇，其中以第一或通讯作者发表论文11篇，全部论文中被SCI检索论文8篇（含IEEE Trans论文6篇），EI检索论文5篇；受理发明专利4项；协助培养博士、硕士生各1名，培养硕士生6名；邀请国际专家开展专题讲座1次，参加国内外学术交流会议8次。项目的研究对于完善CPT系统多端口电场耦合理论、补偿网络与耦合机构模型匹配性、CPT系统功率提升策略都具有一定的理论意义；对于探索CPT技术在轨道交通牵引供电领域的应用具有一定的实际意义。