夹持输送式农田残膜捡拾及气力脱膜机理及机构研究

According to the present situation of the "white pollution" caused by the farmland residual film under cultivation techniques of film mulching, the project simulate the way collecting residual film by hand. Using the principles of gripping delivery and pneumatic film, the project research the principle and mechanism of delivering film residual devices. The following research contents will be studied in the project. Firstly the structure form and working parameters of the loosening tooth will be analyzed; Secondly the influence of the numbers of gripping plate, and it's structure and it's working speed on recycling grippingly residual films, to ascertain the force of grippingly delivery residual film will be researched; Thirdly the influence of the ground straws on the residual film gripped delivery and the principle and method to separate the residual films and the debris, as well as analyzing the influence of the working speed difference between gripping plate and conveyor belt and different arrangement mode on cleaning debris will be researched; Fourthly the shape and size parameter and arrangement mode, and the value and direction of air flow field, then determining the optimum location of using air flow to separate he residual film will be researched; Finally, The tests to optimize the structure of gripping delivery and separate residual film by air flow force will be designed. The advantages of gripping delivery recovery type's residual film recovery include of reliable performance, high efficiency on separating film, and avoiding of twine and so on. The implementation of this project will not only contribute to develop a new after cotton harvest residual film collector of high-rate recovery, and strong adaptability, and high reliability, but also can provide a new thought to develop other types of residual film collector. If this project can succeed to achieve how to recovery residual film, it will has significance on ecological protection.

针对地膜覆盖栽培技术造成的农田"白色污染"及其治理现状，项目模仿人工用手捡拾残膜方式，将夹持输送式原理以及气力脱膜方式用于农田残膜的回收，研究输送式残膜回收装置的机理与机构。主要包括分析的结构形式以及工作参数；研究夹持板和输送带的数量、结构和工作速度对夹持输送残膜的影响，确定夹持输送残膜的夹持力；研究地面秸秆、残杂和土壤颗粒对残膜夹持输送影响以及将膜杂分离的原理方法，分析夹持板和输送带工作速度差以及不同布置方式对清理杂物的影响；研究气流出口形状、尺寸参数和排列布置方式以及气流力场的大小和方向，确定最佳气流脱膜位置点；设计试验优化夹持输送和气力脱膜装置的结构。 夹持输送回收式残膜工作性能可靠，气力脱膜效率高，防止残膜缠绕。项目的实施不仅为研制残膜回收率高、适应性强和工作可靠的残膜回收机提供理论依据，而且为研制其它类型残膜回收机提供一种新的思路，这对解决残膜污染，保护生态环境具有重要意义

针对残膜回收，本项目主要运动学、动力学、计算机仿真模拟、流体力学和试验设计等理论方法，对夹持输送式残膜回收机理进行了研究。主要有通过拉伸特性实验，获得0.006mm和0.008mm两种标准厚度残膜的拉伸特性；研究夹持板和残膜输送链的排列数量、结构以及工作速度对夹持输送残膜的影响，得出夹持输送机构相关参数和机具行进速度与夹持板或残膜输送链工作速度之间的匹配关系，确定了夹持输送式残膜回收装置的结构参数和工作参数；建立分离机构虚拟样机模型，进行结构干涉检查、运动学分析，验证结构的合理性；对起膜铲和刮板组件进行设计与研究，在不发生壅土的情况下，确定起膜铲的宽度、工作角度、起膜铲间距以及最佳入土深度；根据夹持输送机构的结构特点、收起残膜的形态分布以及在气力作用下残膜的运动轨迹，确定最佳气流脱膜位置点；通过分析残膜的比重、残膜片大小、湿度、含杂量、粘附性以及夹持输送机构工作速度对气力脱膜的影响，得出脱膜所需气流力的大小和方向，并确定气流出口形状、尺寸参数和排列布置方式；分析膜杂分离原理和方法，包括夹持板与输送带的工作速度差，夹持板与输送带横向非对称布置方式，研究该结构和工作参数的改变对清理杂物的影响；设计必要的膜杂分离辅助机构,研究其工作性能；制定试验模型结构方案，并进行计算机实体建模和仿真，评估其工作性能；研究有效拾取残膜，分离残膜与较多落叶，茎秆等杂质的方法，包括椭圆规挑膜捡拾机构的几何参数、夹持输送带节距以及挑膜捡拾机构与夹持输送装置的耦合关系对回收率、含杂率的影响关系；研究样机的工作性能，制定试验模型结构方案，并进行计算机实体建模和仿真，评估其工作性能，修改系统设计缺陷。研究成果对解决残膜污染问题具有重要参考价值。