氮素对胡椒花穗发育的影响机理研究

Black pepper (Piper nigrum. L.) can blossom all the year round, whereas, only spikes in the main flowering of mature black pepper have economic value. The spikes in non main flowering are removed in agricultural production. Artificial picking flowers are used principally in production for lack of flower control technique. Picking the flowers has become the main problems that restrict black pepper production in China. There are many factors influence the flower bud differentiation of black pepper. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients influencing its spikes development, but the effect of N and its regulation mechanisim on spikes development are not fully understand. This is a key question to accurately evaluate the effect of N on its growth and then implement artificial florescence regulation management. In this study, different N treatments under field conditions in combination with greenhouse pot experiments are carried out to investigate the leaves' carbohydrate content, total N content, key invertase activity of carbon metabolism, and spikes development, moreover, quantificationally analyze the effects of N on carbon metabolism and spikes development as well as explore the regulation mechanism of N on black pepper spikes development. These not only help optimize N application rate for spikes development of black pepper, but also provide the scientific basis for using N to implement florescence regulation in black pepper agricultural production.

胡椒具有周年开花的习性，而只有结果椒主花期的花穗有经济价值，生产上对非主花期花穗均予以摘除。由于缺乏控花技术，目前生产上主要采用人工摘花。通过摘花来控花已经成为制约胡椒生产的主要问题。影响胡椒花芽分化和开花的因素很多，其中氮素是影响胡椒花穗发育的主要营养元素之一，然而关于氮素对胡椒花穗发育的影响及调控机理并不清楚，这是准确评价氮素对胡椒生长影响进而实施人工花期调控管理的关键问题。本研究拟采用对田间结果胡椒主花期前进行不同施氮量处理技术，结合室内盆栽试验的研究方法，动态测定胡椒完全稳定叶片中碳水化合物含量、总氮含量、关键蔗糖酶活性、花穗发育情况，定量分析不同施氮水平对胡椒碳代谢过程及花穗发育的影响，探明氮素对胡椒花穗发育的调控机理，以确定胡椒花穗发育适宜的施氮量，为胡椒生产中使用氮素进行花期调控提供理论依据。

通过摘花来控花已经成为制约胡椒生产的主要问题。影响胡椒花芽分化和开花的因素很多，其中氮素是影响胡椒花穗发育的主要营养元素之一，然而关于氮素对胡椒花穗发育的影响及调控机理并不清楚，这是准确评价氮素对胡椒生长影响进而实施人工花期调控管理的关键问题。本项目以幼龄胡椒和结果胡椒为研究对象，研究了施氮量对胡椒叶片碳代谢和花穗发育的影响，动态测定了胡椒叶片中碳水化合物含量、总氮含量、关键蔗糖酶活性，分析了碳水化合物和氮含量与花穗发育的相关关系，明确了胡椒花穗发育的适宜施氮量，为胡椒生产中使用氮素进行花期调控提供理论依据，为生产上减少幼龄胡椒及结果胡椒非主花期花穗的抽生量，以及增加胡椒主花期抽穗量等栽培措施提供了科学依据。