珍珠蚌种质与所产无核珍珠质量及数量的相关性研究

The output of freshwater non-nucleated pearl accounted for eighty percent of the total pearl production in the world. Obtaining higher quality and more quantity pearl has been a major goal to culture the freshwater mussel. Since artificial pearl planting requires the participation of donor mussels and host mussels, they are both related to pearl quality and pearl quantity during pearl production. In this study, four freshwater pearl mussels: Hypriosis cumingii, H. Schlegelii, H. cumingii(♂) × H. Schlegelii(♀), Cristaria plicata, were used and 16 combinations could be obtained through different ways to graft the saibos made from donor mussels into mantles of host mussels. Besides, 4 different mussels without grafting the saibos were used for control groups. The growth trait data were recorded in 16 combinations and 4 control groups at beginning, first, second, third year after grafting the saibos into the mantles, taking body weight, shell length and shell width as indices, and the correlations between mussel growth traits were analyzed with biostatistics method. In addition, pearl quality and pearl quantity were measured at first, second and third year after grafting the saibos into the mantles, with pearl size, roundness, color, luster as the quality indexes and the average pearl number, the average pearl forming ratio as the quantity indices. All the data were analyze by linear regression equation and the correlations between growth traits and the quality of pearls in different growth stages were analyzed. Then, a systematic assessment was given for the relationships between pearl mussel strain and pearl quality as well as pearl quantity, which will provided the basis for the rational use of pearl mussel strain resources.

我国淡水无核珍珠产量占世界珍珠总产量80%以上，培育优质高产淡水珍珠是珍珠蚌养殖的主要目标。在人工育珠过程中，需要供片蚌和育珠蚌共同参与，因此它们都与珍珠质量和数量存在相关性。本项目利用三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌、康乐蚌[池蝶蚌（♀）×三角帆蚌（♂）]、褶纹冠蚌4种珍珠蚌，按照不同的插片方式，获得16个珍珠母蚌组合。另外取4种没有插片的珍珠蚌作为对照组。用生物统计方法，以体重、壳长和壳宽为指标，分析16个珍珠母蚌组合及4个对照组在插珠时和插珠后1、2、3年的生长性状，研究各组合生长性状的相关性。以珍珠大小、圆度、颜色、光泽为质量指标，以平均产珠量和平均成珠率为数量指标，检测这16个育珠母蚌组合插珠后1、2、3年所产无核珍珠质量及数量，采用线性回归方程分析不同育珠蚌组合生长性状与所产无核珍珠质量及数量之间的关系，系统评价育珠蚌种质与所产无核珍珠质量及数量的相关性，为合理利用珍珠蚌种质资源提供科学依据。

探索不同育珠母蚌生长性状的差异和所产珍珠质量、数量之间的相关性，同时也可分析比较不同组合所产珍珠的质量和数量的差异，找出规律性，从而为大幅度提高淡水无核珍珠质量提供基础数据。利用三角帆蚌(S)、池蝶蚌(C)、康乐蚌[池蝶蚌（♀）×三角帆蚌（♂）]（K）和褶纹冠蚌(Z)分别作为供片蚌和育珠蚌，获得16个育珠蚌组合，测量各育珠组合的体质量、壳长、壳高和壳宽，比较16个育珠蚌组合及4个未插片的对照组在插片后生长性状的差异，对各生长性状统计学分析。对不同组合育珠蚌所产珍珠的质量（大小、圆度、颜色、光泽度）和数量（成珠率、单蚌珍珠数）等指标进行测量，分析不同组合育珠的差异。结果显示，无核育珠手术影响珍珠蚌的生长性能，以三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌为育珠蚌的组合生长性状均优于对照组，S-S育珠组在以三角帆蚌为育珠蚌组合内生长最优，S-C和C-C育珠组在以池蝶蚌为育珠蚌组合中生长最优，而以褶纹冠蚌为育珠蚌的组合插片后生长受抑制，对照组生长最优。以康乐蚌为育珠蚌的各组合中C-K生长性状最优，K-K组合次之。三角帆蚌、康乐蚌和池蝶蚌之间的插片组合及褶纹冠蚌同种插片组合（Z-Z育珠组）成珠率极高。S-S、K-S、S-C、K-C育珠组合所育珍珠最圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组内并不是最优。S-S、S-C育珠组合插片后生长性能较好，通径分析表明插片后壳长为S-S育珠组体质量主要影响因素。插片后1年壳长是影响S-C育珠组体质量主要因素，插片后两年壳长和壳宽是影响S-C育珠组体质量主要因素。S-S和S-C育珠组珍珠颜色参数间存在相关性，S-S育珠组壳长与珍珠大小呈显著相关，壳长越大珍珠越大，与珍珠圆度呈显著负相关，壳长越大，珍珠越圆。壳高与珍珠光泽呈显著负相关，体质量与珍珠大小呈显著相关，体质量越高，珍珠越大；S-C育珠组壳宽与珍珠圆度呈显著负相关，壳宽越大，珍珠越圆。该结果为探索育珠母蚌及对照组珍珠蚌生长性状的差异及关联性，探索无核珍珠大小、圆度、颜色、光泽度和育珠蚌生长性状之间的相关性提供重要线索。项目资助发表SCI文章9篇，外文论文1篇，中文核心3篇。培养了3名博士，已取得博士学位；培养了7名硕士，其中1名在读。