基于电气石自发电极的异养/自养反硝化系统深度脱氮机制与应用研究

As higher and stricter standard of total nitrogen from the municipal wastewater treatment plant in China,A tourmaline denitrification system was developed according to the spontaneous polarization. In this denitrification system, influencing parameters of the spontaneous polarization electrode were systematicly analyzed, and consequently, optimal parameters for denitrifying microorganism enrichment were obtained. The effects of the spontaneous polarization electrode in tourmaline on the functional microbes, material transformation and energy transfer in the process of denitrification were analyzed by means of advanced molecular biology, isotope calibration and electrochemical analysis, revealing the influence of spontaneous electrode on the electron transfer. Thanks to the above-mentioned research, a deep denitrification of tourmaline system with low energy consumption was put forward. The optimal operating parameters were gained by a small test and finally this configuration was applied to the secondary effluent denitrification process in urban municipal treatment plant. In conclusion, the proposed tourmaline denitrification system provides theoretical support and process guidance for wastewater denitrification in different parts of China, aiming at meeting the current and higher standard of total nitrogen.

针对我国城市污水厂出水总氮提标排放及稳定达标这一关键问题，利用电气石自发电极效应构建电气石反硝化系统，通过对影响电气石自发电极因素分析，获得最适宜反硝化微生物富集的控制参数；利用先进的分子生物学、同位素标定、电化学分析等解析手段，解析电气石自发电极对反硝化过程中功能微生物、物质转化和能量转移的影响，揭示自发电极对于胞外电子传递的影响；基于上述研究，提出一种具有低能耗深度脱氮效能的电气石反硝化系统，并通过小试获得系统优化运行参数，并将其应用在城市污水处理厂二级出水深度脱氮过程。该技术的提出为我国不同区域污水脱氮系统稳定达标和提标排放提供理论支持和工艺指导。

针对我国城市污水厂出水总氮提标排放及稳定达标这一关键问题，利用电气石自发电极效应构建电气石反硝化系统，通过对影响电气石自发电极因素分析，获得最适宜反硝化微生物富集的控制参数；利用先进的分子生物学、同位素标定、电化学分析等解析手段，基于上述研究，提出一种具有低能耗深度脱氮效能的电气石反硝化系统，并将其应用在城市污水处理厂二级出水深度脱氮过程。通过低温期对NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N、TN的分析表明，电气石显著提升了脱氮速率，降低了TN、NH4+-N和SOP的出水浓度，最终出水浓度分别为0.34 mg/L、14.01 mg/L、8.12 mg/L、0.08 mg/L和5.81 mg/L。通过高通量测序，研究了电气石对脱氮微生物群落结构的影响，结果显示，电气石在门和属水平上并未显著改变活性污泥的优势菌群种类，但改变了主要优势菌群的相对丰度，够通过促进AOB增殖，减少NOB增殖，从而实现深度脱氮。该技术的提出为我国不同区域污水脱氮系统稳定达标和提标排放提供理论支持和工艺指导。