海岛繁殖燕鸥科（Sternidae）鸟类对岛屿、巢区和巢位的选择

There are large number of uninhabited islands around Chinese coast,and many waterbirds or seabirds are breeing on them,such as endangered species Chinese Crested Tern,Chinese Egret, Black-faced spoonbill,and so on. But now,The breeding waterbirds resources on uninhabited islands are showing a sharp downward trend of the population, and some breeding species have disappeared evenly.It was urgent to conduct research on the breeding grounds needs and threatened factors of these waterbirds, and develop effective conservation strategies. ..Terns(Sternidae) are the most important breeding groups on Chinese coastal islands, but it was still few studies reported about them. In Our project，we will select Bridled Tern (Sterna nethetu), Roseate Tern (S. dougallii)and Black-naped Tern (S. sumatrana),which were distributed widely and few studies in Chinese coastal islands as our study object. And study their habitat-selection by three different spatial scales as the breeding islands, nesting areas and nest-site.Then we wish to gain the main environmental factors for distribution and reproduction of terns breeding in the uninhabited islands.And probe into protection mechanisms for terns breeding on uninhabited islands. ..In theory, the project will expound the mechanism of the terns breeding on the island how to select their breeding grounds. The research results will provide theoretical support for the protection of terns breeding on the islands.

目前我国沿海无居民海岛的繁殖水鸟资源正呈现种群数量急剧下降的趋势、甚至有些物种已经消失，亟需对这些水鸟的繁殖地需求及受胁因素开展调查研究，制定有效的保护和管理对策。.燕鸥科鸟类是我国沿海无居民海岛种类最多的繁殖水鸟类群，但国内鲜有相关研究报道。本项目选择褐翅燕鸥、黑枕燕鸥和粉红燕鸥这3种我国沿海无居民海岛分布较广而且研究较少的燕鸥科鸟类为研究对象，从其繁殖岛屿、巢区、巢位3个不同空间尺度分析它们对繁殖地的选择情况，获得影响无居民海岛上燕鸥科繁殖鸟类分布及繁殖的主要环境因子，探讨无居民海岛繁殖的燕鸥科鸟类的保护机制。.本项目在理论上将阐述在海岛上繁殖的燕鸥科鸟类对繁殖地的选择机制，可为海岛繁殖的燕鸥科鸟类保护提供理论支持，同时可为日益严峻的无居民海岛繁殖水鸟保护形势提供相关的研究数据。

2013年-2016年调查了无居民海岛213个，共在98个岛屿上有记录到燕鸥科鸟类繁殖，其中有 51个岛屿未有相关的燕鸥繁殖报道。调查到的繁殖燕鸥物种包括黑枕燕鸥、褐翅燕鸥、粉红燕鸥和大凤头燕鸥4种，其繁殖岛屿的数量相应为92个、43个、18个和1个。. 影响燕鸥科鸟类选择繁殖岛屿的关键因子有人为干扰、植被特征、岛屿大小等。岛上有人工建筑（除碑牌、灯塔外）或岛屿周边有水产养殖或船只来往频繁的岛屿通常无燕鸥科鸟类繁殖，夏季在岛屿上建设灯塔或通讯基站等设施当年也无燕鸥科鸟类繁殖。燕鸥科鸟类对繁殖岛屿的植被具有一定的选择性，其中粉红燕鸥的繁殖岛屿都有植被覆盖，而褐翅燕鸥和黑枕燕鸥可在无植被的岛礁上繁殖。燕鸥科选择的繁殖岛屿面积在200—60,000m2之间，个别的黑枕燕鸥会选择大岛屿边上的大礁石上繁殖。离大陆的距离、岛屿边缘坡度、岛屿的海拔高度的因子对燕鸥科鸟类对繁殖岛屿的选择影响较小。. 4种繁殖燕鸥科鸟类对巢区和巢址有选择性。其中黑枕燕鸥主要利用岛屿周边的礁石的凹坑筑巢，几乎没有巢材或仅用砾石铺垫，巢无遮挡，郁闭度为0，巢周边无植被覆盖。褐翅燕鸥的巢区和巢址对植被有一定要求但不是必需的，在有植被覆盖岛屿上它们通常会选择在植被（草丛或灌草丛）边缘筑巢，在一些礁石间的稀疏草丛中也有褐翅燕鸥巢的分布；而在一些无植被覆盖岛屿上，褐翅燕鸥会在岛礁上的石头缝隙内筑巢。粉红燕鸥的巢区和巢址对植被要求较高，其巢区和巢址都有植被的分布，郁闭度在15—100%。大凤头燕鸥仅调查到在1个岛屿上繁殖，主要在岛屿上半部筑巢，对隐蔽条件要求不高。. 本项目阐述了燕鸥科鸟类对岛屿、巢区和巢位的选择关键因子，可为海岛繁殖的燕鸥科鸟类保护提供理论支持，同时可为日益严峻的无居民海岛繁殖水鸟保护形势提供相关的研究数据。