涂层法抑制气动热/力下红外窗口热辐射干扰饱和失效的研究

In order to inhibit the radiation-induced malfunction of sapphire windows under the action of aerodynamic heating and force, preparing yttrium oxide film with the low emissivity at high temperature on the exterior surface was creatively performed. The project is devoted to study the natural relationship of microstructure and emissivity of Y2O3/sapphire window, emphatically to solve a series of critical scientific problems, involving high emissivity of sapphire with a dramatic drop in high-temperature strength, evolution of microstructure of Y2O3 film under the action of aerodynamic heating/force and its impacts on emissivity, and the variation of emissivity of infrared materials in the wide frequence range at high temperature, meanwhile, to provide new theory and method to design of the Y2O3/sapphire structure and controllable preparation aiming to improve the quality of infrared images. There are the main features and innovations as follows: (1) Taking advantage of thermal hysteresis effect, using yttrium oxide film with low emissivity at high temperature to inhibit the radiation-induced malfunction of sapphire windows caused by aerodynamic heating/force action, improving the quality of infrared images. (2) Preparing polycrystalline yttrium oxide film with stable strength at high temperature on the sapphire surface, realizing the both enhanced thermal strengthen and inhibition of radiation from sapphire windows.

为抑制蓝宝石红外窗口在气动热/力作用下的热辐射干扰饱和失效，在窗口外表面沉积高温低发射率氧化钇涂层，研究氧化钇/蓝宝石的微结构与发射率之间的内在关系，重点解决气动热/力作用下抑制蓝宝石窗口热辐射干扰饱和、气动热/力作用下氧化钇涂层的微结构演变及其对发射率的影响以及红外透过材料宽频域高温发射率的变化规律等关键科学问题，为提高气动热/力作用下红外成像质量，实现氧化钇涂层/蓝宝石红外窗口的优化设计和可控制备提供理论支撑。创新和特色主要体现在： (1) 利用红外窗口表面的热滞后效应，采用高温低发射率涂层来抑制蓝宝石红外窗口因气动热/力作用而产生的热辐射干扰饱和失效，提高红外成像质量； (2) 将高温强度变化平缓的多晶氧化钇涂层沉积在蓝宝石表面，协同实现蓝宝石窗口高温强化和抑制热辐射干扰饱和。

围绕红外窗口气动热/力下热辐射干扰饱和失效的问题，利用“材料、结构、模拟、表征和评价”的一体化为研究思路，立足国家重大需求和国际前沿，解决气动热/力下红外窗口热辐射干扰饱和失效的问题。通过对蓝宝石红外窗口气动加热效应的模拟表征及失效行为研究、氧化钇薄膜结构与性能的调控与制备、透明物体高温发射率和透过率方法的设计与表征，揭示气动热/力作用下蓝宝石红外窗口热辐射干扰饱和失效机制，氧化钇涂层发射率频域特征和随温度演变规律的物理本质，发展了抗极端环境材料结构与性能精细调控的方法和手段，解决蓝宝石红外窗口的应用瓶颈，指导了新一代飞行器红外侧窗、红外整流罩结构设计与制造，为高超音速飞行技术的进步提供了理论支撑和技术储备。近4年来，部分成果获得黑龙江省技术发明一等奖1项。获得国家授权发明专利3项，在Carbon、Materials & Design等国际知名期刊上发表SCI论文21余篇，出版专著1部。