大幅面低表面能聚合物基复合材与木质材料之间层积复合界面的构建及其作用机制研究

Wood is largely required every year, however, wood resource is severely short in China. On the other hand, how to utilize the large quantity of agricultural straw and recycled thermo-plastic is a pressing task against environmental pollution. Developing bio-fiber reinforced polyolefin composites is a good way to solve these problems. The properties of this kind of material are superior to wood in dimensional stability, resistance to water and decay et al. However, the application of biofiber/polyolefin composites is seriously hindered due to it without wood appearance.The texture of biofiber/polyolefin composite surface is dense, smooth, non-porous, and poor in surface poplar energy, which makes it very hard to glue with other polar materials, such as wood veneer and impregnated paper. The purpose of this research is to find a mechanism for laminating large size biofiber/polyolefin composite and wood panels. .The physical and chemical properties of biofiber/polyolefin composites, wood panel, and decorative films will be analyzed first, and then the effect of surface modification method will be explored, such as fibrillation, thermo and plasma treatment to the low energy surface. Surface permeability, wetability, and surface energy et al will be used to feature the treated surfaces and conclude the potential reaction. The double functional interface region will be constructed by introducing an intermediate film which may be thermoset or thermoplastic. This double functional interface is presumed to simultaneously react with low polar energy surface and polar wood surface. Time-effect of the lamination will be evaluated after the modified surfaces and baminated lumbers are exposured to water soaking, weathering, and termo-oxidation treatment. Changing in the interfacial area will be analyzed. Based on this mechanism, the large size surfaces with different characters could be laminated together and the interface bonding could meet standard requirement. .The results of present research could be used to develop new kind of products, such as large size biofiber/polyolefin composite boards with real wood texture, plywood with low energy surface for construction formworks. As a result, more biofiber/polyolefin composite could be used in architectural decoration, furniture manufacture, and concrete construction. This will consume large quantity of waste wood, straw, and plastic. Wood resources and environment will get protection.

发展生物质纤维/聚烯烃复合材料能够很好地缓解我国木材资源短缺、秸秆焚烧和废旧塑料污染严重的问题，但由于缺乏木质外观严重阻碍了它的应用范围。针对大幅面生物质纤维/聚烯烃复合材表面光滑致密、表面能低、难以与高表面能木质材料相结合、且板式制品表面积有限的特性，本研究旨在揭示二者之间形成耐久性层积复合的作用原理。分析生物质纤维/聚烯烃复合板材、木质板材及薄膜类装饰材料的表面物理化学性状，探究表面纤丝化处理、表面能调控处理等手段对改善其表面渗透性、润湿性、反应性等的作用效果；引入中间介质建立双界面区，使之与特性相差悬殊的两种表面同时发生作用，形成耐水、耐老化的层积复合强度。所揭示的大幅面异质板材层积复合原理将丰富现有胶合理论，解决低表面能板材应用的瓶颈问题。开发具有真实木质表面的生物质纤维/聚烯烃复合材和低表面能的胶合板建筑模板，使废旧木材、秸秆、废旧塑料得到有效利用，具有保护资原与环境的重要作用。

发展生物质纤维/聚烯烃复合材料能够缓解我国木材资源短缺、秸秆焚烧和废旧塑料污染问题，但由于这种材料缺乏木质外观，严重阻碍了它的应用范围。针对大幅面生物质纤维/聚烯烃复合材表面光滑致密、表面能低、难以与高表面能木质材料相结合的特性，本研究开展了以下工作，1）分析生物质纤维/聚烯烃复合板材、木质板材及薄膜类装饰材料的表面物理化学性状， 2）引入中间介质层，使之与特性相差悬殊的两种表面同时发生作用，形成耐水、耐老化的层积复合强度。3）借助多种分析手段探究表面纤丝化处理、表面能调控处理等手段对改善其表面渗透性、润湿性、反应性等的作用效果，推理、论证、阐明胶合机理。本研究揭示了大幅面异质板材层积复合原理，解决了低表面能板材应用的瓶颈问题。. 界面分析表明，非极性表面的微纤丝化对胶黏剂的润湿和形成锚固结合界面具有重要作用。塑造深度、密度适合的沟壑结构和种植纤维，增大比表面积，形成微观锚固。同时，暴露基材的纤维，提高胶合强度。对于热塑性基复合材，尼龙轮是非常有效的打磨工具。由CPP中间膜的应用分析发现，非极性材料之间的熔合不一定在完全熔融状态下，近熔化温度下可以发生分子扩散，形成紧密结合。. 根据研究结果建立了不同木质纤维含量和不同基质复合材的贴面工艺技术，聚乙烯基木塑复合材的表面胶合强度达到1Mpa以上，且耐水性良好，研究结果起到理论支撑作用。发表论文10篇，出版著作1部；获得发明专利2项，实用新型专利1项，申报专利1项；获得黑龙江省科技（发明）一等奖1项；培养研究生4人。基于中间介质层、表面处理方法与表面形貌分析、纤维种植等核心成果，可以开发出实用技术，对促进木塑复合复合材料在室内装饰和家具领域的应用起到重要推动作用。研究成果在文章、著作中进行了通俗易懂的介绍，为科研和企业技术人员提供参考。对极性与非极性层积复合界面的构建将丰富现有胶合理论。