迈步式超前支护装备与掘进迎头顶板动力耦合机理研究

The project puts the needs of the design theory of temporary support system in fully mechanized workface as the starting point,through the methods such as engineering investigation,theoretic analysis,numerical simulation,laboratory experiment,synthesis analysis and so on.The variation of the characteristics such as stresses,displacements and plastic area of tunnelling place roof over time are studied.Determine the limit unsupported roof distance,support force and its distribution requirements in the supporting area.Establish the dynamic model of roof which is disturb by incentives based on the research of disturbing force mechanism and the dynamic response of roof.Construct the dynamic model of hydraulic stepping-type advanced support equipment based on structure and characteristics of work. Establish dynamic coupling model of roof and advanced support system when roadheaders is working. Analyse their response law.The characteristics of support system which guarantee the effective support for roof is investigated.Establish dynamical coupling characteristics of support system and the roof in the transition state, the transient dynamic response of roof and the control strategy which can minimize the roof disturbance quantity are studied and numerically solved. Homemade and modified laboratory equipment, laboratory testing,and separately study dynamic characteristics of supporting system , dynamic characteristics of the interaction between supporting system and roof,dynamic characteristics of the interaction between supporting system and roof in transient state.Verify and perfect the theory study.The research results provide theoretical basis for the advanced support system design.

以综掘工作面临时支护系统设计理论需求为出发点，项目采用现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟、实验研究和综合分析相结合的方法，研究掘进迎头顶板应力、位移和塑性区等特征随时间的变化规律，确定极限空顶距、支撑区域内支撑力及其分布需求。研究掘进机扰动力产生机理，建立有扰动激励工况下顶板的动力学模型，研究顶板的动态响应规律。基于结构与工作特征，构建液压迈步式超前支护系统的动力学模型。建立在掘进机扰动下顶板与超前支护系统的动力学耦合模型，分析两者的响应规律，研究保证对顶板有效支护的支撑系统特性。建立过渡态时支撑系统与顶板的动态耦合特性，研究顶板瞬态动力学响应和使顶板扰动量最小的控制策略。进行数值求解。自制和改装实验设备，进行实验室试验，分别研究支护系统的动力学特性、支护系统与顶板相互作用的动力学特性、支护系统移动时过渡态与顶板相互作用的动力学特征，验证并完善理论研究。研究成果为超前支护系统设计提供理论基础。

通过采用及时有效的临时支护来避免综掘工作面冒顶事故和实现掘支锚并行作业以优化掘进工艺是学术界普遍认同的未来综掘高效掘进的方法之一。深入研究迈步式超前支护装备与掘进迎头顶板的动力耦合机理是非常必要而有意义的。项目通过现场调研、实验设备研制、理论分析、数值模拟、实验数据统计分析等手段，研究了迎头顶板的位移和应力应变的变化规律，分别建立了超前支护装备单、双组支撑的静、动力学模型，建立了顶梁多点分布接触和全接触状态下的超前支护-顶板体系耦合动力学模型，研究了超前支护装备交替迈步移动过程中与顶板相互作用的耦合动力学特性。以减少对顶板的扰动量为约束条件，研究了过渡态超前支护-顶板的动力响应规律。项目主要研究成果如下：1.发明并研制了模拟巷道顶板特征的加载实验台和液压迈步式支护系统，对超前支护装备与实验顶板相互作用的静力学、动力学及控制方法进行了实验，验证和完善了理论研究成果；2. 采用“三边固支、一边简支”的边界条件，构建了迎头顶板的静、动力学模型，得出了迎头顶板的支护判据；3.获得了超前支护装备的静、动力学特性；4.分别研究了矩形和拱形顶板与超前支护装备的动力耦合模型，得出了顶板与超前支护的动力耦合响应规律；5.提出了超前支护的升、降架过程的控制方法，实现对顶板扰动量最小的目标。项目研究成果为液压迈步式超前支护系统的动态设计及应用提供了可靠的理论依据和技术支持。项目已培养博士研究生3人，硕士研究生7人，发表论文20余篇，申请国家专利14项，获得发明专利授权5项，获得省部级科学技术二等奖2次，参加各类国际、国内会议6人次。项目基本达到预期目的，但存在一定的后续研发问题需进一步开展研究与探讨。