深井原巷充填无煤柱掘巷围岩变形破坏机制与控制原理

With the increase in mining depth, the stress of surrounding rock increases and the tectonic stress field becomes more complex, gob-side entries are very difficult to maintain because of the strong mining effect. In this study, comprehensive research methods, including of laboratory tests, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and field measurement, are carried out to do the following research based on the proposed technology of roadway driving along backfilling in original entry without coal pillar in deep coal mine. Evolutional characteristics of structure consist of the backfilling, basic roof, immediate roof, coal seam and other related rock are investigated into deeply and systematically among the upper working face mining, working face driving and working face mining, to reveal the dynamic effect on the stability of gob-side entry. Coupled bearing structure mechanical model of the roof, backfilling, coal seam and the floor is built to analyze the impact of the factors causing the bearing structure instability. Mechanical evolution characteristics of roadway surrounding rock are studied to demonstrate entry deformation and failure mechanism with different cross section combination forms in deep coal mine. Anchorage control mechanical model is built in weakened zone of roadway surrounding rock to analyze invalidation mechanism. So the control principles of roadway driving along backfilling in original entry without coal pillar are demonstrated in deep coal mine. The research results are of great significance to the realization of coal mining without pillars, improving the coal recovery rate effectively and reducing the entry maintenance cost in deep coal mine.

随煤矿开采深度增大，围岩应力升高、构造应力场更加复杂，受强采动影响，回采工作面沿空巷道维护十分困难。本课题根据前期研究成果提出的深井原巷充填无煤柱掘巷技术，采用实验室试验、计算机数值模拟、理论分析以及现场实测的综合研究方法，系统研究上工作面回采、无煤柱掘巷、下工作面回采三阶段“应力拱”作用下的充填体与直接顶、基本顶组合协调覆岩结构演化规律，揭示其对沿空巷道稳定性影响的动载效应；构建顶板-充填体（煤帮）-底板承载结构的耦合作用力学模型，分析导致承载结构失稳因素的影响成效；研究不同断面组合形式沿空巷道围岩力学演化特征，揭示深井原巷充填无煤柱掘巷变形破坏机制；建立巷道围岩弱化区锚固控制力学模型，分析巷道围岩锚固失效机制，揭示深井原巷充填无煤柱掘巷控制原理。研究成果对深部煤矿实现区段无煤柱开采、有效提高煤炭采出率、减小护巷成本具有重要意义。

随着煤矿开采深度的不断增大，巷道围岩应力升高、构造应力场更加复杂，受强采动影响，回采工作面沿空巷道维护十分困难。有别于传统的沿空留巷和沿空掘巷方式，在深部矿井创新性提出并应用一种新型的采场巷道掘进方式-原巷充填无煤柱掘巷，由此本项目开展了深井原巷充填无煤柱掘巷围岩变形破坏机制与控制原理研究，全面完成了预期目标。研究获得了上工作面回采、无煤柱掘巷、下工作面回采三阶段“应力拱”作用下的充填体与直接顶、基本顶组合协调覆岩结构演化规律，揭示了原巷充填体对覆岩大结构关键块体失稳的有效作用机制。建立了原巷充填体受力模型和原巷充填无煤柱掘巷巷道稳定性控制力学模型，分析获得了原巷充填无煤柱掘巷围岩稳定性与充填体力学特性、老顶断裂位置等动态响应关系，结合松动圈理论模型，引用修正系数，计算获得了巷道松动圈破裂区范围与老顶悬顶距的对应关系。建立了不同断面形式的数值计算模型，明确了使用斜顶梯形断面和直墙半圆拱断面巷道掘进下区段回风顺槽可以更好维护巷道围岩的稳定性。采用深部矿山工程多功能模拟试验系统对原巷充填无煤柱掘巷进行相似模拟研究，获得了原巷充填巷道及下区段新掘巷道围岩应力分布规律，揭示了深井原巷充填无煤柱掘巷变形破坏机制，优化设计了原巷充填无煤柱掘巷支护方案，提出了巷道围岩不同分级弱化区锚固对策，揭示深井原巷充填无煤柱掘巷控制原理。. 项目执行期间，在高水平学术期刊上发表研究论文12篇，其中SCI收录10篇；项目负责人以第一作者发表SCI收录论文4篇，以通讯作者发表SCI收录论文4篇；授权国际发明专利2件，中国实用新型专利4件；获得中国软件著作权4项；获中国煤炭工业协会科学技术一等奖1项。项目负责人获聘安徽省二级教授；项目参与人2人获聘副教授、1人获聘高级实验师、1人获聘实验师；培养博士生1名、硕士生4人。参加国内外学术会议10次。