As the group of plants with important ornamental and economic value, the majority species of Subgen. Camellia are important oil Camellia germplasm resources, but also can be used as garden ornamental plants. Subgen. Camellia is a natural group with complex interspecific relationship, while there are abundant diversities within morphological variations of the species. Past investigation revealed that multiploid and hybrids were ubiquitous in Camellia subgenus. There are great bifurcations as yet on species classification based on the morphological characteristics. Due to methodological limitations, the existing studies on molecular systematic of this group can not reflect their phylogenetic relationships. And because of the uncertainty of classification, development and utilization of the species resources has existed to a certain degree of inconvenience and confusion. In such a background, we attempt to use multiple DNA sequences to assess the applicability of these sequences as well as the phylogeny and taxonomy level of the species in Camellia subgenus, low copy nuclear genes and chloroplasts gene spacer and intron sequences will be applied. Special attention will be paid to the oil Camellia species: Sect. Camellia and Sect. oleifera. These studies could promise the reconstruction of the complex evolutionary net-work in Camellia subgenus. Such an effort will also shed new lights on the origin of polyploids and hybrids in Sect. Camellia and Sect. Paracamellia. All these results will provide precious evidence and molecular basis of classifying and characterizing the oil Camellia germplasm resources.
山茶亚属多数物种既是重要的油茶种质资源,又可兼用为园林观赏植物,具有重要经济价值。亚属内种间关系复杂,树种形态变异丰富多样,且亚属内多多倍体及杂种起源。国内对该亚属树种的分类主要依据形态特征,还存在较大的分歧。而现有该亚属的分子系统学研究,由于方法的局限性,并不能真实反映其系统发育关系。分类的不确定性给这类树种资源的开发与利用带来一定程度的不便与混乱。鉴于此,本项目拟立足山茶亚属,侧重油茶种质集中的红山茶组和油茶组,利用多种DNA序列包括低拷贝核基因与叶绿体基因间隔区和内含子DNA序列,评价它们在亚属层面的进化与系统学价值,构建支持率较高的分子系统树,明确亚属内各分类阶元的系统发育关系,并通过建立系统网络探讨多倍体和杂种的起源机制,以期为油茶资源的鉴定与分类提供理论依据与分子基础。
山茶亚属(subgenus Camellia Chang.)内物种数量繁多,种间遗传关系复杂,树种形态变异丰富多样,且亚属内多多倍体,传统分类研究主要依据形态特征,至今仍存在较大的分歧,而现有分子系统学研究,鉴于研究技术手段的适用性限制,难以相对全面地揭示其系统发育关系。生产上通常指种子含油率较高的油茶(Oil-seed camellia)树种,绝大部分来自山茶亚属物种。因此,山茶亚属物种间的遗传关系,亦是油茶育种的基础问题。鉴于此,本项目立足山茶亚属的系统发育问题,开展叶绿体基因组(cpDNA)研究,获得浙江红山茶(C. chekiangoleosa)、小果油茶(C. meiocarpa)、短柱茶(C. brevistyla)和南山茶(C. semiserrata)的完整cpDNA,开发可用于山茶亚属较高分类单元的系统发育关系研究的cpDNA标记5个,可用于红山茶组近缘种鉴定的cpSSR标记10个;并以山茶亚属为主要研究对象,借助流式细胞技术明确物种的染色体倍性,结果表明半宿萼茶组(sect. Pseudocamellia)、糙果茶组(sect. Furfuracea)、小黄花茶组(sect. Luteoflora)和瘤果茶组(sect. Furfuracea)物种绝大部分为二倍体物种,而红山茶组(section Camellia)、油茶组(sect. Oleifera)和短柱茶组(sect. Paracamellia)则是物种多倍化现象较为集中的类群,其中红山茶组内物种的倍性差异最大,从二倍体(2n=30)到八倍体(2n=120)均有,六倍体是该组多倍体的主要类型;同时,本研究基于油茶模式种浙江红山茶的全基因组开发单拷贝核基因标记(SCNG)13个,利用5个SCNG标记开展了山茶属115个物种267份试验材料的系统发育分析,利用最大似然法(ML)与贝叶斯法(BI)构建了较为一致的山茶亚属的系统发育树,其中糙果茶组物种单独成支,瘤果茶组与小黄花茶组及半宿萼茶组物种组成一支;而短柱茶组、油茶组和红山茶组混合组成第三支,其中油茶组和短柱茶组物种之间分界模糊,支持两组合并,归并后的油茶组分为两亚支,而红山茶组又可分为3个亚支,亦说明红山茶组并非单系起源,然而有些物种的归并问题,尚需更多证据支持。本研究成果为山茶亚属系统发育重建及油茶的杂交育种与种质创新提供理论依据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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