荒漠区三趾跳鼠（Dipus sagitta）种群不育控制及其机理研究

The pest rodents on grasslands had become an important factor which caused grassland ecological environment deterioration and influenced the sustainable development of animal husbandry in China. A study on pest rodents controlled by environment friendly, effective prevention and sustainable controlled has become one of the key researches for the biological disaster prevention and mitigation of the emphasis researches. However, it is still unsolved problem that how to achieve the pest rodents controlled on grasslands with security, environmental friendly and sustainability. Sterile controlling is one of the international rise new technologies for the pest rodents effective controlled. Comparing with the traditional chemical lethal baits, that might attain the purposes of safety, environmental friendly and sustainable controlling primarily. .This subject will research the three-toed jerboa (Dipus sagitta) populations, that is one of the dominant species in Alashan desert grassland of Inner Mongolia, anti-fertility controlled and sustainable controlling mechanism by using different concentration gradient compound sterile baits ND-1. According to the different breeding periods of the three-toed jerboa populations, some interference tests to breeding periods would be researched. The experimental populations of the three-toed jerboas would be monitored for consecutive four years. We image that the ND-1 would impact the normal secretion laws of the reproductive hormones of the three-toed jerboas to control their reproduction. The female hormones include FSH, LH, PRL, E2 and P4. The male hormones include pituitary hormone FSH, LH and testicles pituitary hormone FSHRmRNA. Thus we might suggest the mechanism and results of the three-toed jerboa experimental populations fertility controlled in Alashan desert of Inner Mongolia. .The study purpose is to reveal the effects of infertility and anti-fertility of the ND-1 to the three-toed jerboa experimental populations, realize sustainable control mechanism of the ND-1 to the three-toed jerboa experimental populations, explore new technology for controlling harmful rodents and provide scientific basis for safety, environmental friendly and sustainable controlling on pest rodents on a large scale grasslands.

草原鼠害无公害、无污染和可持续控制是当前有害生物控制领域倍受关注的重点之一。可如何实现？仍然是未解之题。与传统化学毒饵灭鼠相比，不育控制最有可能实现安全、环保、可持续控制大面积草原鼠害的目标。本研究在合成复合不育剂ND-1的基础上，以不同剂量梯度的复合不育剂ND-1，针对三趾跳鼠的不同生育期，进行繁殖控制试验研究，对其实验种群连续4年跟踪监测，通过不育剂影响其生殖激素的正常分泌规律来控制其繁殖。雌性激素包括：FSH、LH、PRL、E2和P4；雄性激素包括：垂体激素FSH、LH和睾丸垂体激素FSHRmRNA。藉此对内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区三趾跳鼠实验种群不育控制及其机理进行研究，目的在于揭示不育控制对三趾跳鼠种群增长产生的效果和机理，探索有害啮齿动物种群不育控制新技术，为实现大面积草原鼠害无污染、无公害有效控制和可持续控制提供科学依据。同时探索三趾跳鼠繁殖机制。本项目的研究成果应用前景将十分广阔。

目前，化学灭鼠剂由于严重污染环境并可能潜在产生二次中毒现象，已面临被淘汰的局面。因此，利用植物源不育剂对草原害鼠进行种群数量的有效控制，既保护草原生态环境又可保证公共安全，对发展我国的生物源不育剂具有重要意义。植物源复合不育剂ND-1（农大-1号）由紫草素（Shikonin）与炔雌醚配伍而成，其主要成分之一的紫草素为新疆紫草（Arnebia euchroma）根的提取物。本项目通过应用纳米化植物源不育剂ND-1对荒漠区三趾跳鼠（Dipus sagitta）不育控制及其机理研究，得出如下结论：.（1）三趾跳鼠的食性，在春季主要食物为：猪毛菜33.4%、无芒隐子草13.8%、蒙古虫实13.3%和骆驼蓬11.3%；在夏季其主要食物为：雾冰藜31.5%、短脚锦鸡儿25.1%和骆驼蓬19.8%；在秋季其主要食物为：雾冰藜25.4%、短脚锦鸡儿15.5%、梭梭14.8%、猪毛菜13.9%、蛛丝蓬13.3%和蒺藜10.1%。三趾跳鼠食性分析为不育剂野外投放选择准确饵基提供了重要参考。.（2）三趾跳鼠巢区范围，雌性最大活动距离平均为65.10±2.86m，雄性最大活动距离平均为68.28±5.12m。不育剂条形投药时，行距应确定为≤65m。.（3）植物源不育剂ND-1纳米化乳液，浓度为30mg/kg有效延长了雌性、雄性小鼠的繁殖周期，具有良好的抗生育效果。小鼠粪便中紫草素平均回收率为（49.5±7.46）%，与普通回收率（82.0±2.90）%相比较，降低了（32.5±5.18）%，表明乳化处理提高了小鼠对其的吸收率。.（4）30mg/kg浓度植物源不育剂ND-1纳米化乳液，降低了三趾跳鼠雄性精囊腺、雌性卵巢的脏器系数及雄性的精子密度，表明纳米化的不育剂ND-1对雌雄两性三趾跳鼠均具有潜在的抗生育作用。.（5）植物源不育剂ND-1主要成分炔雌醚在干燥和湿润土壤表面，经过8h时间点已完成全部降解，紫草素在干燥土壤表面120h（5天）完成全部降解，在湿润土壤表面96h（4天）完成全部降解。.（6）3种非靶动物羊、鸡、鸽子对植物源不育剂ND-1饵料的适口性试验表明，羊对成品不育剂ND-1饵料有较好的适口性，但无繁殖影响；鸡对成品不育剂ND-1饵料拒食，对磨碎后的不育剂ND-1饵料适口性显著低于其它鸡饲料；鸽子对成品不育剂ND-1饵料拒食。